Enhanced Low-Humidity Performance of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells via Membrane Surface Engineering.

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) play a pivotal role in meeting the energy needs of high-power applications such as construction and agricultural machinery and mobility. High-power operation often exacerbates problems associated with water management within the cell due to excessive water generation, affecting water distribution at the cathode and anode interfaces. Our research recognizes the importance of addressing challenges associated with the high-power operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for use in high-power fuel cell applications.

Decision regret after prostate biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis: a Korean multicenter cohort study.

Background: Many people struggle with the choice in a series of processes, from prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis to treatment. We investigated the degree of regret after the prostate biopsy (PBx) and relevant factors in patients recommended for biopsy for suspected PCa.

Methods: From 06/2020 to 05/2022, 198 people who performed PBx at three institutions were enrolled and analyzed through a questionnaire before and after biopsy.

Nuclear Localization of Yes-Associated Protein Is Associated With Tumor Progression in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Yes-associated protein (YAP), an effector molecule of the Hippo signaling pathway, is expressed at high levels in cutaneous melanoma. However, the role of YAP in melanoma progression according to cellular localization is poorly understood. Tissues from 140 patients with invasive melanoma were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Nitration-Promoted Vanadate Catalysts for Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH.

Vanadium-based catalysts have been commercially used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR), owing to their high catalytic activity and effectiveness across a wide temperature range; however, their catalytic efficiency decreases at lower temperatures under exposure to SO. This decrease is largely due to ammonium sulfate generation on the catalyst surface. To overcome this limitation, we added ammonium nitrate to the VO-WO/TiO catalyst, producing a VO-WO/TiO catalyst with nitrate functional groups.

Cl- and Al-Doped Argyrodite Solid Electrolyte LiPSCl for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries with Improved Ionic Conductivity.

Argyrodite solid electrolytes such as lithium phosphorus sulfur chloride (LiPSCl) have recently attracted great attention due to their excellent lithium-ion transport properties, which are applicable to all-solid-state lithium batteries. In this study, we report the improved ionic conductivity of an argyrodite solid electrolyte, LiPSCl, in all-solid-state lithium batteries via the co-doping of chlorine (Cl) and aluminum (Al) elements. Electrochemical analysis was conducted on the doped argyrodite structure of LiPSCl, which revealed that the substitution of cations and anions greatly improved the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes.

Hybrid Carbon Supports Composed of Small Reduced Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes for Durable Oxygen Reduction Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

We demonstrated highly active and durable hybrid catalysts (HCs) composed of small reduced graphene oxide (srGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for use as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Pt/srGO and Pt/CNTs were prepared by loading Pt nanoparticles onto srGO and CNTs using a polyol process, and HCs with different Pt/CNT and Pt/srGO ratios were prepared by mechanically mixing the two components. The prepared HCs consisted of Pt/CNTs well dispersed on Pt/srGO, with catalyst HC55, which was prepared using Pt/srGO and Pt/CNTs in a 5:5 ratio, exhibiting excellent oxygen reduction performance and high stability over 1000 cycles of the accelerated durability test (ADT).

Diffraction-engineered holography: Beyond the depth representation limit of holographic displays.

Holography is one of the most prominent approaches to realize true-to-life reconstructions of objects. However, owing to the limited resolution of spatial light modulators compared to static holograms, reconstructed objects exhibit various coherent properties, such as content-dependent defocus blur and interference-induced noise. The coherent properties severely distort depth perception, the core of holographic displays to realize 3D scenes beyond 2D displays.

Bi-functional 3D-NiCu-Double Hydroxide@Partially Etched 3D-NiCu Catalysts for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Detection and the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Hydrogen production, which is in the spotlight as a promising eco-friendly fuel, and the need for inexpensive and accurate electronic devices in the biochemistry field are important emerging technologies. However, the use of electrocatalytic devices based on expensive noble metal catalysts limits commercial applications. In recent years, to improve performance and reduce cost, electrocatalysts based on cheaper copper or nickel materials have been investigated for the non-enzymatic glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Liver-Directed Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy versus Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of liver-directed concurrent chemoradiotherapy (LD-CCRT) compared with sorafenib in patients with liver-confined locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). This single institute retrospective cohort study included patients treated with sorafenib or LD-CCRT between 2005 and 2016. Patients with extrahepatic disease and those without PVTT were excluded, leaving 28 and 448 patients in the sorafenib and LD-CCRT groups, respectively.

Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio as a Novel Prognostic Factor in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy for Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Introduction: To evaluate the prognostic value of albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) on recurrence and survival in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with radical or partial nephrectomy.

Patients And Methods: Between June 1994 and December 2018, 491 patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy at 2 institutions were enrolled in this study. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) analyses were performed to distinguish the differences in postoperative recurrence and survival between patients stratified by an optimal cut-off value of AAPR.

Two-dimensional beam steering with tunable metasurface in infrared regime.

Tunable metasurfaces can change the optical properties of incident light at will such as amplitude, phase, and polarization in a time-dependent fashion. Ultrafast switching speed and the ability for the pixel size reduction of the tunable metasurface can allow various applications such as light detection and ranging, interferometric sensors, and free space optical communications, to name a few. Although there have been successful demonstrations of the wavefront shaping using the tunable metasurface, the implementation of the two-dimensional metasurface pixel array that can be individually addressed in the optical frequency regime still remains challenging.

Small Reduced Graphene Oxides for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts.

We demonstrated highly efficient oxygen reduction catalysts composed of uniform Pt nanoparticles on small, reduced graphene oxides (srGO). The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) size was controlled by applying ultrasonication, and the resultant srGO enabled the morphological control of the Pt nanoparticles. The prepared catalysts provided efficient surface reactions and exhibited large surface areas and high metal dispersions.

Practice Patterns of Korean Urologists Regarding Positive Surgical Margins after Radical Prostatectomy: a Survey and Narrative Review.

Background: There is no clear consensus on the optimal treatment with curative intent for patients with positive surgical margins (PSMs) following radical prostatectomy (RP). The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions and treatment patterns of Korean urologists regarding the resection margin after RP.

Methods: A preliminary questionnaire was prepared by analyzing various studies on resection margins after RP.

Ammonium Ion Enhanced VO-WO/TiO Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction with Ammonia.

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the most efficient NO removal technology, and the vanadium-based catalyst is mainly used in SCR technology. The vanadium-based catalyst showed higher NO removal performance in the high-temperature range but catalytic efficiency decreased at lower temperatures, following exposure to SO because of the generation of ammonium sulfate on the catalyst surface. To overcome these limitations, we coated an NH layer on a vanadium-based catalyst.

Chondroradionecrosis of the trachea after definitive radiotherapy for cervical esophageal cancer: A case report.

Chondroradionecrosis (CRN) is an infrequent phenomenon after definitive RT. The clinical manifestation is usually difficult to distinguish from that of tumor recurrence; however, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of CRN.

Prognostic nutritional index and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) as a prognostic factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials And Methods: Eligible studies that evaluated the prognostic impact of pretreatment PNI in RCC patients were identified by comprehensive searching the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Central Search library, and EMBASE. The end points were overall/cancer-specific survival (OS/CSS) and recurrence-free/disease-free survival (RFS/DFS).

The presence of prostate-specific antigen checked more than 1 year before diagnostic biopsy is an independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: In large scale prospective studies, prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-screening not only decreased prostate cancer mortality, but also reduced biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). We investigated the independent effect of the presence of PSA checked more than 1 year before diagnostic biopsy on the prognosis of patients undergoing RP in a real world setting without PSA-screening.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the database of patients undergoing RP at Ajou University Hospital from March 1999 to May 2018.

Effect of Catalyst Crystallinity on V-Based Selective Catalytic Reduction with Ammonia.

In this study, we synthesized VO-WO/TiO catalysts with different crystallinities via one-sided and isotropic heating methods. We then investigated the effects of the catalysts' crystallinity on their acidity, surface species, and catalytic performance through various analysis techniques and a fixed-bed reactor experiment. The isotropic heating method produced crystalline VO and WO, increasing the availability of both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, while the one-sided method produced amorphous VO and WO.

A Case Report of Cholangiocarcinoma Arising from a Biliary Adenofibroma: Radiologic Findings and Review of Literature.

Biliary adenofibromas are rare biliary epithelial tumors that are classified as benign. Nevertheless, some cases have been reported to show malignant transformations. The radiologic findings of biliary adenofibromas and their malignant transformation are not well-established because of their rarity.

Prognostic effect of perineural invasion in surgically treated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Although perineural invasion is a well known prognostic factor used in several cancers, its prognostic role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains controversial. Here, we investigated the prognostic role of perineural invasion in surgically treated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 316 patients who underwent esophagectomy and lymph node dissection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between 2007 and 2016.

Cell membrane and nuclear expression of programmed death ligand-1 in prostate needle biopsy tissue in prostate cancer patients undergoing primary radiation therapy.

Background: Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in cancer is often associated with cancer aggressiveness and responsiveness to treatment with PD-1 pathway inhibitors. We conducted a systematic study on the expression of membranous PD-L1 (mPD-L1) and nuclear PD-1-L1 (nPD-L1) in prostate needle biopsy specimens of prostate cancer patients who underwent primary radiotherapy and analyzed the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients.

Method: A total of 971 cancer-containing prostate needle biopsy cores from 172 patients were immunohistochemically stained with anti-PD-L1 antibody.