De-Biased Disentanglement Learning for Pulmonary Embolism Survival Prediction on Multimodal Data.

Health disparities among marginalized populations with lower socioeconomic status significantly impact the fairness and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare presents an opportunity to address these inequalities, provided that AI models are free from bias. This paper aims to address the bias challenges by population disparities within healthcare systems, existing in the presentation of and development of algorithms, leading to inequitable medical implementation for conditions such as pulmonary embolism (PE) prognosis.

The Application of Large Language Models for Radiologic Decision Making.

Background And Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) have seen explosive growth, but their potential role in medical applications remains underexplored. Our study investigates the capability of LLMs to predict the most appropriate imaging study for specific clinical presentations in various subspecialty areas in radiology.

Methods And Materials: Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), by OpenAI and Glass AI by Glass Health were tested on 1,075 clinical scenarios from 11 ACR expert panels to determine the most appropriate imaging study, benchmarked against the ACR Appropriateness Criteria.

Considerations in Specialty Selections: What Medical Students Think, Know, and Think They Know about Interventional Radiology.

Purpose: To compare the motivation, deterrents, knowledge, exposure, and other specialty considerations of first- to fourth-year medical students interested in interventional radiology (IR) with those who are not.

Materials And Methods: Matriculants of 5 medical schools varying by region, public/private, class size, and National Institutes of Health research ranking received a 19-question survey with questions about demographics, specialty interests, motivations/deterrents, knowledge, and exposure to IR.

Results: A total of 25.

Preoperative prediction of the stage, size, grade, and necrosis score in clear cell renal cell carcinoma using MRI-based radiomics.

Purpose: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Currently, there is a lack of noninvasive methods to stratify ccRCC prognosis prior to any invasive therapies. The purpose of this study was to preoperatively predict the tumor stage, size, grade, and necrosis (SSIGN) score of ccRCC using MRI-based radiomics.

Machine Learning Offers Exciting Potential for Predicting Postprocedural Outcomes: A Framework for Developing Random Forest Models in IR.

Purpose: To demonstrate that random forest models trained on a large national sample can accurately predict relevant outcomes and may ultimately contribute to future clinical decision support tools in IR.

Materials And Methods: Patient data from years 2012-2014 of the National Inpatient Sample were used to develop random forest machine learning models to predict iatrogenic pneumothorax after computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy (TTB), in-hospital mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and length of stay > 3 days after uterine artery embolization (UAE). Model performance was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and maximum F1 score.

Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Temporal Factors Associated With Positive Findings on Catheter Angiography After (99m)Tc-Labeled RBC Scanning.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine if time to positive (TTP), defined as the time from the start of (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scanning to the appearance of a radionuclide blush (considered to be a positive finding for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding [LGIB]), and lag time (LT), defined as the time from the appearance of a radionuclide blush to the start of catheter angiography (CA), affected the yield of CA for the detection of acute LGIB.

Materials And Methods: TTP and LT were retrospectively evaluated in 120 patients who had positive findings for acute LGIB on (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scanning and subsequently underwent CA for the diagnosis and localization of gastrointestinal bleeding. Two nuclear medicine fellowship-trained radiologists independently reviewed the (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scans.

Vertebroplasty.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty has become widely accepted as a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of painful vertebral body compression fractures refractory to medical therapy. In this article, the authors review the indications and contraindications for vertebroplasty, principles of appropriate patient selection, useful techniques to achieve optimal outcomes, and the potential risks and complications of the procedure.

Carotid artery stenting: review of technique and update of recent literature.

Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death and the number one cause of long-term disability in the United States. Carotid stenosis is an important cause of ischemic strokes, accounting for 20 to 25%. Previous studies have established carotid endarterectomy as standard of care of symptomatic patients with > 50% stenosis and asymptomatic patients with > 60% stenosis; recently, carotid artery stenting has emerged as an alternative treatment for carotid stenosis.

Intra-arterial Stroke Management.

Acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the United States. Cerebral neuronal death begins within minutes after threshold values of blood oxygen saturation are crossed. Prompt restoration of oxygenated blood flow into ischemic tissue remains the common goal of reperfusion strategies.

Interventional management of vertebral body metastases.

Metastases to the vertebral column are often due to hypervascular primary tumors, the most common of which is renal cell carcinoma. Clinical symptoms attributed to vertebral body metastases include localized pain, mechanical instability of the vertebral column, and neurologic deficits resulting from mass effect. Treatment options include targeted radiotherapy, percutaneous vertebral augmentation with or without thermal ablation, and surgical resection with subsequent fusion.

Contemporary endovascular embolotherapy for meningioma.

Preoperative endovascular tumor embolization has been used for 40 years. Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumor in which preoperative embolization has been most extensively described in the literature. Advocates of embolization report that it reduces operative blood-loss, and softens the tumor, thus making surgery safer and easier.

Transcatheter embolization in the management of epistaxis.

A majority of the population will experience epistaxis at some time in their life. Most cases will be from an anterior source and can be treated with pressure, anterior nasal packing, or cautery. Intractable epistaxis is generally posterior in origin and may require endoscopic cautery, posterior packing, surgical ligation, or embolization.

Interventional management of head and neck emergencies: carotid blowout.

Involvement of the carotid artery by malignant processes of the head and neck with compromise of vessel integrity and rupture-"carotid blowout syndrome" (CBS)-is one of the most devastating complications of malignancy. Most often, it is associated with squamous cell cancer and almost always in patients who have undergone prior radiation therapy. CBS is classified as threatened, impending, or acute.

Basic vascular neuroanatomy of the brain and spine: what the general interventional radiologist needs to know.

This article is intended to provide a review of clinically relevant neurovascular anatomy. A solid understanding of the vascular anatomy of the brain and spine are essential for the safe and effective performance of neurointerventional radiology. Key concepts to master include collateral pathways and anastomoses between the external and internal carotid circulation, the Circle of Willis as a route to otherwise inaccessible intracranial vascular distributions, and the origin of spinal arterial blood supply.

Basic neuroangiography: review of technique and perioperative patient care.

Neuroangiography (NA) is an important part of diagnosis and treatment of patients with neurological disease. Although NA may be performed for diagnostic purposes, in many instances NA is performed with the intent to treat. Indications for NA range from extracranial diseases (vertebrobasilar insufficiency from subclavian steal, extracranial carotid stenosis, cavernous-carotid fistula, neck trauma, epistaxis, tumor invasion of the carotid artery, and tumor embolization) to intracranial diseases (nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral aneurysms, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, cerebral vasospasm, acute stroke, tumor embolization, and WADA test).

Impact of laser fiber design on outcome of endovenous ablation of lower-extremity varicose veins: results from a single practice.

The design of laser fibers used for endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in the management of lower-extremity varicose vein disease may affect treatment success. The purpose of this investigation is to report our experience using the gold-tip NeverTouch VenaCure laser fiber (AngioDynamics, Queensbury, NY) and to compare that to our experience with standard bare-tip fibers. A retrospective chart review of 363 consecutive EVLA treatments using the gold-tip laser fiber was performed.

Interventional management of arc of buhler aneurysm.

The Arc of Buhler (AOB) represents a persistence of the ventral anastomosis between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the celiac arterial systems. The exact incidence of the AOB is not known, but it is believed to be ≤ 4%. Aneurysms of this rare anomaly are even more uncommon.