ANKS1A regulates LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated cerebrovascular clearance in brain endothelial cells.

Brain endothelial LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is involved in the clearance of Aβ peptides across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we show that endothelial deficiency of ankyrin repeat and SAM domain containing 1 A (ANKS1A) reduces both the cell surface levels of LRP1 and the Aβ clearance across the BBB. Association of ANKS1A with the NPXY motifs of LRP1 facilitates the transport of LRP1 from the endoplasmic reticulum toward the cell surface.

Interaction Between a High-Fat Diet and Tau Pathology in Mice: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its relation with tau pathology (i.e.

Neuronal ApoE Regulates the Cell-to-Cell Transmission of α-Synuclein.

The presence of protein inclusions, called Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs), in the brain is the main feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence that the prion-like propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn), as a major component of LBs and LNs, plays an important role in the progression of PD has gained much attention, although the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated whether neuronal ApoE regulates the cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn and explored its molecular mechanism using in vitro and in vivo model systems.

Promising Blood Biomarkers for Clinical Use in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focused Update.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most-common cause of neurodegenerative dementia, and it is characterized by abnormal amyloid and tau accumulation, which indicates neurodegeneration. AD has mostly been diagnosed clinically. However, ligand-specific positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, such as amyloid PET, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are needed to accurately diagnose AD, since they supplement the shortcomings of clinical diagnoses.

The Change in Circadian Rhythms in P301S Transgenic Mice is Linked to Variability in Hsp70-related Tau Disaggregation.

Circadian disruption often involves a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia, which are characterized by intraneuronal tau accumulations. The altered sleep pattern and diurnal rhythms in these disorders are the results of tau pathology. The circadian disturbance in reverse is thought to develop and potentially aggravate the condition.

miRNA sensing hydrogels capable of self-signal amplification for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the leading senile disorders in the world, causes severe memory loss and cognitive impairment. To date, there is no clear cure for AD. However, early diagnosis and monitoring can help mitigate the effects of this disease.

Usefulness of arterial spin labeling perfusion as an initial evaluation of status epilepticus.

This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and prognostic value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in a large group of status epilepticus (SE) patients and compare them with those of other magnetic resonance (MR) sequences, including dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging. We retrospectively collected data of patients with SE in a tertiary center between September 2016 and March 2020. MR images were visually assessed, and the sensitivity for the detection of SE and prognostication was compared among multi-delay ASL, DSC, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Cilostazol Versus Aspirin on White Matter Changes in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease is characterized by progressive cerebral white matter changes (WMCs). This study aimed to compare the effects of cilostazol and aspirin on changes in WMC volume in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, participants with moderate or severe WMCs and at least one lacunar infarction detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging were randomly assigned to the cilostazol and aspirin groups in a 1:1 ratio.

Transition Metal-Free, Methoxide-Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyridoindolones.

A simple transition metal-free strategy for the synthesis of pyrido[1,2]indolone derivatives has been devised through sodium methoxide-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 2-alkenylated -pyrimidyl indoles. The reactions involved a Smiles rearrangement/cyclization cascade, which resulted in a new series of -fused indoles, potentially applicable skeletons in medicinal chemistry. This reaction presents simple eco-friendly reaction conditions, a high atom- and cost-economy, a short reaction time, and a broad range of substrate scope with high reaction efficiency.

Pentobarbital coma therapy for super-refractory status epilepticus and in-hospital mortality: an observational study.

Treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is associated with various complications of anaesthetic coma therapy. This study aimed to describe the factors affecting the prognosis, especially in-hospital mortality, of patients receiving pentobarbital coma therapy for the treatment of SRSE. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single tertiary referral centre with patients who received pentobarbital coma therapy for the treatment of SRSE from 2006 to 2018.

Co-Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation and Allylation with Cyclopropenes via Sequential C-H/C-C Bond Activation.

An atom-economical strategy for the C-H alkenylation and C-H allylation of arenes by employing cyclopropenes as versatile alkenylating and allylating reagents is reported, catalyzed by cobalt. The Co-catalyzed C-H alkenylation process involves sequential C-H and C-C bond cleavage. Under the optimized conditions, broad-ranging alkenylated (hetero)arenes were synthesized with complete ()-stereoselectivity (up to 91%).

Region-Specific Differences in the Apoe4-dependent Response to Focal Brain Injury.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a role in various physiological functions including lipid transport, synaptic plasticity, and immune modulation. Epidemiological studies suggest that the apoE4 allele increases the risk of post-traumatic sequelae. This study was performed to investigate regionspecific effects of the apoE4 isoform on post-traumatic neurodegeneration.

Therapeutic Quadrisected Annular Array for Improving Magnetic Resonance Compatibility.

Objective: Focused ultrasound has been applied in brain therapeutics. Although focusing ultrasonic beams on multiple arbitrary regions under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is needed for precise treatments, current therapeutic transducers with large pitch sizes have been optimized to focus on deep brain regions. While annular arrays can adjust the beam foci from cortical to deep regions, their circular shape may generate eddy current-induced magnetic flux during MRI.

Facility-based and home-based multidomain interventions including cognitive training, exercise, diet, vascular risk management, and motivation for older adults: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of multidomain intervention (MI) tailored to the Korean context. In an outcome assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial, participants without dementia and with one or more modifiable dementia risk factors, aged 60-79 years, were randomly assigned to the facility-based MI (FMI; n=51), the home-based MI (HMI; n=51), or the control group receiving general health advice (n=50). The 24-week intervention comprised vascular risk management, cognitive training, social activity, physical exercise, nutrition guidance, and motivational enhancement.

The Relationships Between Oncology Nurses' Attitudes Toward a Dignified Death, Compassion Competence, Resilience, and Occupational Stress in South Korea.

Objectives: In recent years, South Korea has become more concerned about a dignified death and the 'well-dying' law has been enacted. Oncology nurses' perceptions of death are crucial in maintaining dying patients' sense of dignity; fostering their physical, mental, and spiritual quality of life; and ensuring that they die a comfortable death. This study accordingly examined the relationships between attitudes towards a dignified death, compassion competence, resilience, and occupational stress to provide basic data to promote better attitudes towards death among oncology nurses in South Korea.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of DWP14012 (fexuprazan) in healthy subjects with different ethnicities.

Background: DWP14012 (fexuprazan), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, is under development for the treatment of acid-related disorders.

Aims: To compare the pharmacodynamics (PDs), pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of DWP14012 among healthy subjects of Korean, Caucasian and Japanese descent.

Methods: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose study was conducted.

The hopes of nurses who care for people diagnosed with chronic mental illness in closed wards.

Purpose: To identify factors influencing the hopes of mental health nurses and to explore their experiences with a sense of hope.

Design And Methods: A descriptive research survey was conducted with 113 nurses at three closed psychiatric wards in South Korea.

Findings: Nurses' hope, interpersonal skill competence, and professional self-concept were all found to have statistically significant correlations (r = 0.

Executive Summary of the 2019 International Conference of Korean Dementia Association: Exploring the Novel Concept of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia: a Report from the Academic Committee of the Korean Dementia Association.

Because of repeated failures of clinical trials, the concept of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been changing rapidly in recent years. As suggested by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework, the diagnosis and classification of AD is now based on biomarkers rather than on symptoms, allowing more accurate identification of proper candidates for clinical trials by pathogenesis and disease stage. Recent development in neuroimaging has provided a way to reveal the complex dynamics of amyloid and tau in the brain , and studies of blood biomarkers are taking another leap forward in diagnosis and treatment of AD.

SWATH-MS analysis of cerebrospinal fluid to generate a robust battery of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 and tau protein levels are established diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their inadequacy to represent clinical efficacy in drug trials indicates the need for new biomarkers. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH)-based mass spectrometry (MS) is an advanced proteomic tool for large-scale, high-quality quantification.

New fluid biomarkers tracking non-amyloid-β and non-tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers based on the core pathological proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e., amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein, are widely regarded as useful diagnostic biomarkers.

A Comparison Study of Cilostazol and Aspirin on Changes in Volume of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease White Matter Changes: Protocol of a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most common cause of vascular dementia and a major contributor to mixed dementia. CSVD is characterized by progressive cerebral white matter changes (WMC) due to chronic low perfusion and loss of autoregulation. In addition to its antiplatelet effect, cilostazol exerts a vasodilating effect and improves endothelial function.

Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed γ-Selective C-H Allylation/Hydroamination Cascade for the Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolines.

A Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed γ-selective C-H allylation/hydroamination cascade toward the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (DHIQs) has been successfully developed, starting from NH ketimines and allyl carbonates. Notably, highly efficient and γ-selective C-H allylations were accomplished using γ-substituted allyl reagents, thus overcoming the issues of poor α/γ selectivity and low reactivity of previous transition metal-catalyzed C-H allylations. The stereochemistry of allyl carbonates was a crucial factor, and synthesis of the DHIQs was achieved using ()-allyl carbonates.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of β-Amyloid 40 and β-Amyloid 42 are Proportionately Decreased in Amyloid Positron-Emission Tomography Negative Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients.

Background And Purpose: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be misleading in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). We therefore investigated the CSF biomarkers in 18F-florbetaben amyloid-negative positron-emission tomography (PET) [amyloid PET(-)] iNPH, amyloid-positive PET [amyloid PET(+)] AD, and cognitively normal (CN) subjects.

Methods: Ten amyloid PET(+) AD patients (56.