Activated platelet membrane vesicles for broad-spectrum bacterial pulmonary infections management.

The development of new antibiotics has lagged behind the rapid evolution of bacterial resistance, prompting the exploration of alternative antimicrobial strategies. Host-directed therapy (HDT) has emerged as a promising approach by harnessing innate immune system's natural defense mechanisms, which reduces reliance on antibiotics, and mitigates the development of resistance. Building on the important role of platelets in host immunity, activated platelet membrane vesicles (PLTv) are developed here as a host-directed therapy for broad-spectrum antibacterial infection management, leveraging several key mechanisms of action.

Photothermal/photodynamic synergistic antibacterial Nanocellulose film modified with antioxidant MXene-PANI Nanosheets.

TEMPO-CNF film modified by two-dimension transition metal MXene has certain antibacterial properties. However, the problem of long-lasting stability greatly restricts the feasibility of long-term use of the composite film. Here, we introduced polyaniline (PANI) as a modifying molecule, which was electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of the MXene nanosheets to prevent its self-stacking and delay its oxidation.

Construction of curcumin-conjugated pH-responsive lignin-based nanoparticles for alleviating oxidative stress: Stability, antioxidant activity and biocompatibility.

Curcumin has a great effect on alleviating oxidative stress, but its poor stability and low biocompatibility limit its application in therapeutic field. In order to overcome these limitations of curcumin, in this study, curcumin was grafted to lignin by esterification, and then prepared into nanoparticles. The results showed that the photothermal stability of curcumin was effectively improved.

GEMimp: An Accurate and Robust Imputation Method for Microbiome Data Using Graph Embedding Neural Network.

Microbiome research has increasingly underscored the profound link between microbial compositions and human health, with numerous studies establishing a strong correlation between microbiome characteristics and various diseases. However, the analysis of microbiome data is frequently compromised by inherent sparsity issues, characterized by a substantial presence of observed zeros. These zeros not only skew the abundance distribution of microbial species but also undermine the reliability of scientific conclusions drawn from such data.

Association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D on early stage diabetic kidney disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) and early diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate the potential roles of these two biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis of DKD.

Methods: A total of 422 inpatients with T2DM were retrospectively enrolled between January 2018 and March 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The baseline clinical parameters of each patient were determined, and their demographic characteristics were extracted from the hospital information system.

Methodology exploration and reproducibility evaluation of TAI and TSI for quantitative ultrasound assessment of hepatic steatosis.

Background And Aim: New quantitative ultrasound techniques can be used to quantify hepatic steatosis, including tissue attenuation imaging (TAI), tissue scatter -distribution imaging (TSI), and the hepatorenal index (HRI). However, the measurement norms and the effects of fasting on these measurements remain unclear. The present study performed a methodological exploration and investigated the reliability of these measurements.

PPARs in atherosclerosis: The spatial and temporal features from mechanism to druggable targets.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic and complex disease caused by lipid disorder, inflammation, and other factors. It is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, the chief cause of death globally. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are valuable anti-atherosclerosis targets that showcase multiple roles at different pathological stages of atherosclerosis and for cell types at different tissue sites.

Differences in vascular endothelial function and serum proteome between obese people with phlegm-dampness constitution and balanced constitution.

Objective: To evaluate the extent of vascular endothelial dysfunction and preliminary identify serum protein biomarkers associated with obese individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: Fifteen obese volunteers with the phlegm-dampness constitution or balanced constitution were recruited for this study respectively. The clinical baseline data was collected, and the vascular endothelial function was evaluated using the EndoPAT.

Multifunctional Regioisomeric Passivation Strategy for Fabricating Self-Driving, High Detectivity All-Inorganic Perovskite Photodetectors.

The fluorination of the aromatic multifunctional Lewis base passivation strategy has been demonstrated recently as an effective approach to markedly enhance the performance of perovskite photovoltaic devices. However, the regulation mechanisms of the passivation efficiency by varying the functional group position of fluorine (F) in the regioisomers have received little attention and inadequate research. Herein, a pair of bifluorine-substituted aminobenzoic acid regioisomers [3-amino-2,6-difluorobenzoic acid (13-FABA) and 4-amino-3,5-difluorobenzoic acid (14-FABA)] were employed to investigate the passivation effects of Lewis bases dependent on behaviors of the ortho/meta-substituted position of fluorine.

CEACAM6 serves as a biomarker for leptomeningeal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background And Aims: Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is challenging. In our previous study, CEACAM6 mRNA was found to be highly expressed in the circulating tumor cells of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with lung adenocarcinoma with LM (LUAD-LM). The aim of this study was to identify whether CEACAM6 could be used as a biomarker for LUAD-LM.

Recognition Method of Knob Gear in Substation Based on YOLOv4 and Darknet53-DUC-DSNT.

When unattended substations are popular, the knob is a vital monitoring object for unattended substations. However, in the actual scene of the substation, the recognition method of a knob gear has low accuracy. The main reasons are as follows.

Retinitis pigmentosa 2 pathogenic mutants degrade through BAG6/HUWE1 complex.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal degenerative disease which is the major cause of vision loss. X-linked RP patients account for 5%-15% of all inherited RP cases and mutations in RP2 (Retinitis pigmentosa 2) were responsible for about 20% X-linked RP families. A majority of RP2 pathogenic mutations displayed a vulnerable protein stability and degraded rapidly through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).

Construction of Novel Prognostic Nomogram for Mucinous and Signet Ring Cell Colorectal Cancer Patients with a Survival Longer Than 5 Years.

Purpose: Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) are aggressive colorectal cancer histological subtypes with dismal prognosis. This study investigated prognostic factors and constructed novel nomograms for MA and SRCC patients who survived for over 5 years to optimize the follow-up regime, especially for early-onset patients.

Patients And Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database registered between 2004 and 2018 were extracted.

Cell-Free DNA Variables including Gene Mutations in CA15-3 Normal Breast Cancer Reflect Prognosis.

Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has attracted considerable attention in precision medicine. However, few data are available regarding to the prognostic value of cfDNA variables in CA15-3 normal breast cancer (BC) patients. Here, we aimed at investigating the prognostic value of cfDNA variables including gene mutations in CA15-3 normal BC patients.

Olfactory Stimulation and the Diagnosis of Patients With Disorders of Consciousness: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether behavioral responses elicited by olfactory stimulation are a predictor of conscious behavioral response and prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC).

Methods: Twenty-three DOC patients (8 unresponsive wakefulness syndrome [UWS]; 15 minimally conscious state [MCS]) were recruited for this study in which 1-Octen-3-ol (familiar neutral odor) and pyridine were used to test odor behavioral responses, and water was used as an odorless stimulus. One rater presented the three odors in front of each patient's nose randomly, and another one videotaped all behavioral responses (e.

Serum miR-27a is a biomarker for the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Background: Lung cancer has a high incidence and a 5-year survival rate of less than 15%. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are the most frequently used alternative treatments for patients with advanced-stage NSCLC in whom surgery failed.

Development of Ecofriendly Carbon Dots for Improving Solubility and Antinociceptive Activity of Glycyrrhizic Acid.

The therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) with various pharmacological properties is extremely limited owing to its poor water solubility. To solve this problem, nanocarrier-nontoxic carbon dots (GRR-CDs) with a narrow particle distribution of (1.90 ±0.

Association of Rotavirus Vaccines With Reduction in Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children Younger Than 5 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials and Observational Studies.

Importance: Rotavirus vaccines have been introduced worldwide, and the clinical association of different rotavirus vaccines with reduction in rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) after introduction are noteworthy.

Objective: To evaluate the comparative benefit, risk, and immunogenicity of different rotavirus vaccines by synthesizing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies.

Data Sources: Relevant studies published in 4 databases: Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched until July 1, 2020, using search terms including "rotavirus" and "vaccin*.

Female-biased upregulation of insulin pathway activity mediates the sex difference in body size plasticity.

Nutrient-dependent body size plasticity differs between the sexes in most species, including mammals. Previous work in showed that body size plasticity was higher in females, yet the mechanisms underlying increased female body size plasticity remain unclear. Here, we discover that a protein-rich diet augments body size in females and not males because of a female-biased increase in activity of the conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS).

The misdiagnosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness by a clinical consensus compared with repeated coma-recovery scale-revised assessment.

Background: Previous studies have shown that a single Coma-Recovery Scale-Revision (CRS-R) assessment can identify high rates of misdiagnosis by clinical consensus. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of misdiagnosis by clinical consensus compared to repeated behavior-scale assessments in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC).

Methods: Patients with prolonged DOC during hospitalization were screened by clinicians, and the clinicians formed a clinical-consensus diagnosis.