Transcriptome and Metabolite Profiling Reveal Novel Insights into Volatile Heterosis in the Tea Plant ().

Tea aroma is a key indicator for evaluating tea quality. Although notable success in tea aroma improvement has been achieved with heterosis breeding technology, the molecular basis underlying heterosis remains largely unexplored. Thus, the present report studies the tea plant volatile heterosis using a high-throughput next-generation RNA-seq strategy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Effects of module truncation on biochemical characteristics and products distribution of a new alginate lyase with two catalytic modules.

In this work, we investigated the functions of structural modules within alginate lyase by truncating an endo-type alginate lyase into two successive catalytic modules. The effects of module deletion on biochemical characteristics and product distributions were further investigated. The N-terminal module (Aly7B-CDI) exhibited no activity toward alginate, polyM or polyG, but the C-terminal module (Aly7B-CDII) retained its activity.

Downregulation of microRNA-16-5p accelerates fracture healing by promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of osteoblasts in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Patients who suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) show a faster fracture healing than patients with isolated fractures. Prior studies have suggested that this process may be accelerated through the inhibition of key microRNAs. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, with a special focus on miR-16-5p, which is markedly decreased in patients with TBI.

Hepatic nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein regulates glucose homeostasis and hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese mice depending on its PDZ binding domain.

Background: NOS1AP is an adaptor protein and its SNP rs12742393 was associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it remains uncertain whether NOS1AP plays a role in regulation of insulin sensitivity. Hepatic insulin resistance contributed to the development of T2D.

The cotton GhWIN2 gene activates the cuticle biosynthesis pathway and influences the salicylic and jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathways.

Background: Metabolic pathways are interconnected and yet relatively independent. Genes involved in metabolic modules are required for the modules to run. Study of the relationships between genes and metabolic modules improves the understanding of metabolic pathways in plants.

Comparative analysis of the expression patterns of IL-1β, IL-11, and IL-34 in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) following different pathogens challenge.

Interleukins (ILs) are a subgroup of cytokines, which are molecules involved in the intercellular regulation of the immune system. These cytokines have been extensively studied in mammalian models, but systematic analyses of fish are limited. In the current study, 3 IL genes from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) were characterized.

Identification, expression, and putative target gene analysis of nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors in tea plant (Camellia sinensis).

Genome-wide identification and characterization of nuclear factor-Y family in tea plants, and their expression profiles and putative targets provide the basis for further elucidation of their biological functions. The nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators of plant growth and physiology. However, the NF-Y TFs in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) have not yet been elucidated, and its biological functions, especially the putative target genes within the genome range, are still unclear.

Elevated chemerin induces insulin resistance in human granulosa-lutein cells from polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

The insulin resistance (IR) of ovarian granulosa cells from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) aggravates the abnormalities in steroidogenesis and anovulation, and chemerin is an adipokine involved in regulating adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. The role and underlying mechanism of chemerin in developing IR of the granulosa cells from PCOS remain unclear. Plasma, follicular fluid, and human granulosa-lutein cells (hGLs) were collected from non-PCOS and patients with PCOS with or without IR.

miRNA-26a-5p Accelerates Healing via Downregulation of PTEN in Fracture Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Patients who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) are known to have a significantly quicker fracture healing time than patients with isolated fractures, but the underlying mechanism has yet to be identified. In this study, we found that the upregulation of miRNA-26a-5p induced by TBI correlated with a decrease in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in callus formation. In vitro, overexpressing miRNA-26a-5p inhibited PTEN expression and accelerated osteoblast differentiation, whereas silencing of miRNA-26a-5p inhibited osteoblast activity.

CXCR4 as a prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal cancer: a meta-analysis.

CXCR4 is a member of the C-X-C chemokine receptor family, which is associated with multiple types of cancer. Although it has been widely reported, the prognostic value of CXCR4 expression in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains controversial. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between CXCR4 and prognosis of patients with GI cancer.

A Nanozyme with Photo-Enhanced Dual Enzyme-Like Activities for Deep Pancreatic Cancer Therapy.

Nanozymes have attracted extensive interest owing to their high stability, low cost and easy preparation, especially in the field of cancer therapy. However, the relatively low catalytic activity of nanozymes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has limited their applications. Herein, we report a novel nanozyme (PtFe@Fe O ) with dual enzyme-like activities for highly efficient tumor catalytic therapy.

An adjustable dual-emission fluorescent metal-organic framework: Effective detection of multiple metal ions, nitro-based molecules and DMA.

A novel multifunctional Pb(II)-based MOF, [Pb(DBPT)]·(DMA)(HO) (1), with excellent chemical stability, was successfully assembled by connecting {PbO} unit with a multi-topic polycarboxylate ligand of 3-(3,5-dicarboxylphenyl)-5-(4-carboxylphenyl)-1-H-1,2,4-triazole (HDBPT). It exhibits dual fluorescence emissions at 380 nm (λ = 280 nm) and 540 nm (λ = 380 nm), respectively. Through the adjustable dual fluorescence emissions, it could act as a turn-off and turn-on switch for detecting N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) molecule.

Characteristics and prognostic factors of age-stratified high-grade intracranial glioma patients: A population-based analysis.

We evaluated characteristics and different prognostic factors for survival in age-stratified high-grade glioma in a U.S. cohort.

Sonodynamic therapy inhibits palmitate-induced beta cell dysfunction via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy.

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the overload of glucose and lipids can promote oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and contribute to the failure of beta cells. However, therapies that can modulate the function of beta cells and thus prevent their failure have not been well explored. In this study, beta cell injury model was established with palmitic acid (PA) to simulate the lipotoxicity (high-fat diet) found in T2DM.

Ultrafast synthesis of fluorine-18 doped bismuth based upconversion nanophosphors for tri-modal CT/PET/UCL imaging in vivo.

A fluorine-18 doped bismuth upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanoprobe (F-UNBOF) was quickly synthesized within 1 min at room temperature. F-UNBOF showed strong X-ray attenuation characteristics, stable radioactive F-labeling abilities and UCL properties. F-UNBOF nanoparticles could be utilized for tri-modal CT/PET/UCL imaging in vivo.

Dysfunction of B-cell lymphoma 2/adenovirus E1B 19KD interacting protein 3 in decidua is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Objectives: Abnormal decidualization is a contributing factor for the development of preeclampsia. BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19KD interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) has been identified as an apoptosis regulator in many tumors. Furthermore, our previous studies showed that both BNIP3 and cleaved-caspase 3 were significantly decreased in the decidual tissue of preeclampsia.

Biochemical Characterization and Elucidation of Action Pattern of a Novel Polysaccharide Lyase 6 Family Alginate Lyase from Marine Bacterium sp. NJ-04.

Alginate lyases have been widely used to prepare alginate oligosaccharides in food, agricultural, and medical industries. Therefore, discovering and characterizing novel alginate lyases with excellent properties has drawn increasing attention. Herein, a novel alginate lyase FsAlyPL6 of Polysaccharide Lyase (PL) 6 family is identified and biochemically characterized from sp.

Functional Characterization of Argininosuccinate Lyase Gene Variants by Mini-Gene Splicing Assay.

Objective: Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) gene mutations account for argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA). This study aimed to design a minigene construct of ASL gene in order to investigate the impact of variants on splicing.

Methods: The peripheral blood samples were collected from the family members, and genomic DNA was extracted for gene diagnosis using the total exon sequencing method.

High concentration of chemerin caused by ovarian hyperandrogenism may lead to poor IVF outcome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study.

A chronic low-grade inflammation state accounts for an important part of the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The adipose tissue derived cytokine chemerin has recently been proven to be a proinflammatory chemokine, but its mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS remains largely unresolved. From non-obese patients with and without PCOS, follicular fluid and granulosa cells were retrieved.

Upregulated necroptosis-pathway-associated genes are unfavorable prognostic markers in low-grade glioma and glioblastoma multiforme.

Background: Glioma accounts for 70% of primary brain malignancies in adults with unfavorable prognoses. In the past decades, much efforts have been invested to identify better biomarkers for predicting prognoses. Recently, necroptosis has been reported as a specialized pathway of programmed necrosis.

The histone H3 lysine-27 demethylase UTX plays a critical role in colorectal cancer cell proliferation.

Background: Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome (UTX) is an H3K27me3 demethylase, a permissive mark associated with active gene transcription. UTX has been linked to various human cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks 3rd among the most common cancers worldwide.

GhABP19, a Novel Germin-Like Protein From , Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium Wilt Pathogens.

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are water-soluble plant glycoproteins belonging to the cupin superfamily. The important role of GLPs in plant responses against various abiotic and biotic stresses, especially pathogens, is well validated. However, little is known about cotton GLPs in relation to fungal pathogens.

Human cleaving embryos enable robust homozygotic nucleotide substitutions by base editors.

Base editing installs a precise nucleotide change in specific gene loci without causing a double-strand break. Its efficiency in human embryos is generally low, limiting its utility in functional genetic studies. Here, we report that injecting base editors into human cleaving two-cell and four-cell embryos results in much higher (up to 13-fold) homozygotic nucleotide substitution efficiency as opposed to MII oocytes or zygotes.

Role of adiponectin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha signaling in human chorionic gonadotropin-induced estradiol synthesis in human luteinized granulosa cells.

Impaired steroid production in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may result from adiponectin system dysfunction. However, adiponectin's role in ovulatory dysfunction remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and adiponectin affect progesterone and estradiol secretion by granulosa cells (GCs) from overweight or obese women with PCOS or normal ovulation.