Current Status of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Diseases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common central neurodegenerative disease disorder characterized primarily by cognitive impairment and non-cognitive neuropsychiatric symptoms that significantly impact patients' daily lives and behavioral functioning. The pathogenesis of AD remains unclear and current Western medicines treatment are purely symptomatic, with a singular pathway, limited efficacy, and substantial toxicity and side effects. In recent years, as research into AD has deepened, there has been a gradual increase in the exploration and application of medicinal plants for the treatment of AD.

Identification and Functional Analysis of PANoptosis-Associated Genes in the Progression From Sepsis to ARDS.

Background: Sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common inflammatory conditions in intensive care, with ARDS significantly increasing mortality in septic patients. PANoptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death involving multiple cell death pathways, plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases. This study aims to elucidate the PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) and their involvement in the progression of sepsis to ARDS.

TroTNFα, a teleost tumour necrosis factor of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), enhances pathogen clearance and acts as an immune adjuvant.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the most pivotal factors of the TNF family and plays an essential biological role in immunity. However, the antibacterial function and mechanism of TNFα in teleosts are relatively poorly understood. In this study, a novel TNFα from Trachinotus ovatus (TroTNFα) was characterized.

Construction and analysis of the immune effect of subunit vaccines based on the flagellin FlaB and FlaC of Vibrioharveyi.

Vibrio harveyi is a common sort of pathogenic bacterium in marine, which annually gives rise to huge financial losses in aquaculture industry. Flagellin is one of the important virulence factors for bacteria, but meanwhile it is also a preferable vaccine candidate. In this study, we have identified and analyzed two flagellin antigens of V.

Establishment and evaluation of a method for measuring ornithine transcarbamylase activity in micro blood of neonates.

Background: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency exhibits a high degree of clinical heterogeneity, making its screening and classification challenging in some instances. In this study, we first established a simple and stable method for testing ornithine transcarbamylase activity using micro blood from newborns, rather than relying on venous blood.

Methods: The activity of ornithine transcarbamylase was assessed by measuring the concentration of citrulline produced in the reaction with carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine, using serum, plasma or micro blood.

Clozapine Induces Agranulocytosis via Inflammatory and Hematopoietic Cytokine Induction of the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway: Evidence From Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

Background: Clozapine exhibits significant therapeutic efficacy in schizophrenia, especially treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, clozapine can cause agranulocytosis, a fatal adverse effect, and the aim of this study is to explore this mechanism based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Method: Six and two databases were used to identify targets associated with clozapine and agranulocytosis, respectively.

Targeting ClpP: Unlocking a novel therapeutic approach of isochlorogenic acid A for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected osteomyelitis.

A medical predicament has led to extensive drug resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and the complexity of treatment has increased exponentially with the induction of osteomyelitis. In view of the severe situation and the potential of bacterial antivirulence strategies, this study focused on the key virulence factor caseinolytic protease (ClpP) of S. aureus to identify new strategies against MRSA-induced osteomyelitis.

Predictive risk factors for adverse events during tooth extraction among elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Background: Tooth extraction is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, particularly in elderly patients. However, no clinical tool has been developed to date to predict the risk of adverse events (AEs) during tooth extraction.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively enrolled 774 elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who were scheduled to undergo tooth extraction at the dental surgery department of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from January 2021 to July 2022.

Microglia-Derived Vitamin D Binding Protein Mediates Synaptic Damage and Induces Depression by Binding to the Neuronal Receptor Megalin.

Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) is a potential biomarker of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study demonstrates for the first time that VDBP is highly expressed in core emotion-related brain regions of mice susceptible to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Specifically, the overexpression of microglia (MG)-derived VDBP in the prelimbic leads to depression-like behavior and aggravates CUMS-induced depressive phenotypes in mice, whereas conditional knockout of MG-derived VDBP can reverse both neuronal damage and depression-like behaviors.

Preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements by genome-wide SNP genotyping and haplotype analysis: a prospective multicenter clinical study.

Background: Preimplantation genetic testing for chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) has been widely utilized to select euploid embryos in patients carrying balanced chromosomal rearrangements (BCRs) by chromosome copy number analysis. However, reliable and extensively validated PGT-SR methods for selecting embryos without BCRs in large-cohort studies are lacking.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, cohort study, carriers with BCRs undergoing PGT-SR were recruited across 12 academic fertility centers within China.

Leptospirosis manifested with severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome successfully treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: The mortality rate associated with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by leptospirosis is notably high. Available treatment modalities are limited, and their efficacy has not been fully demonstrated. Here, we present the case report of a patient with leptospirosis-induced pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome.

The role of m6A methylation genes in predicting poor prognosis in sepsis: identifying key biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death among seriously ill patients worldwide, affecting more than 30 million people annually and accounting for 1-2% of hospitalizations. By analyzing gene expression omnibus (GEO) data set, our team explored the relationship between m6A methylation gene and poor prognosis of sepsis. The purpose of this present study is to examine new detection markers for patients with poor prognosis, provide theoretical basis for timely intervention and improve the survival rate of patients.

Effect of Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on Live Birth Rate in Young Women With Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Secondary Analysis of a Multicentre Randomised Trial.

Objective: To investigate the benefit of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) in recurrent implantation failure (RIF).

Design: Secondary analysis of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Setting: Eight academic fertility centres in China, 2018-2020.

Emphysematous pancreatitis: Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Background: Emphysematous pancreatitis (EP) is a rare, severe form of acute necrotizing pancreatitis characterized by gas in pancreatic or peripancreatic tissue, with a high mortality rate.

Aim: To assess the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of EP through a series of case studies.

Methods: This case series was conducted in intensive care units at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.

Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines protect elderly BALB/c mice against a lethal respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a significant threat, being a primary cause of critical lower respiratory tract infections and fatalities among infants and the elderly worldwide, and poses a challenge to global public health. This urgent public health challenge necessitates the swift development of safe and effective vaccines capable of eliciting robust immune responses at low doses. Addressing this need, our study investigated five self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) candidate vaccines that encode the various pre-fusion conformations of the RSV fusion protein.

Decreased neurotensin induces ovulatory dysfunction via the NTSR1/ERK/EGR1 axis in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the predominant cause of subfertility in reproductive-aged women; however, its pathophysiology remains unknown. Neurotensin (NTS) is a member of the gut-brain peptide family and is involved in ovulation; its relationship with PCOS is unclear. Here, we found that NTS expression in ovarian granulosa cells and follicular fluids was markedly decreased in patients with PCOS.

Selection and optimization of biofilm carriers as high-effective microbial separator in microbial fuel cells.

Four biofilm carriers including pyrite, manganese ore, ceramsite, and polyurethane sponge were used to construct microbial separators (MSs), while their performance in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was evaluated. Polyurethane sponge and pyrite were superior biofilm carriers for MSs. The dense biofilm on the polyurethane sponge provides MS with optimal barrier capacity against dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand.

Embryonic exposure to 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol mediates autism spectrum disorder-like behavior by dysfunctional microbe-gut-brain axis in mice.

6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) is considered an emerging contaminant as a substitute for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, the prevalence of which has been significantly increasing globally, possibly due to rising exposure to environmental pollutants. Additionally, the microbe-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the development of ASD.

Novel cocktail therapy based on multifunctional supramolecular hydrogel targeting immune-angiogenesis-nerve network for enhanced diabetic wound healing.

Diabetes-associated chronic skin wounds present a formidable challenge due to inadequate angiogenesis and nerve regeneration during the healing process. In the present study, we introduce a groundbreaking approach in the form of a novel cocktail therapy utilizing a multifunctional supramolecular hydrogel. Formulated through the photo-crosslinking of gelatinized aromatic residues and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), this injectable hydrogel fosters weak host-guest interactions, offering a promising solution.

IRF2 Affects LPS- and IFN-γ-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Responses, Cell Viability, Migration and Apoptosis of Macrophages by Regulating IRG1.

Background: Members of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family are transcriptional regulators that play vital roles in the inflammatory response of macrophages. IRF1, IRF3, and IRF9 regulate the expression of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) in macrophages. However, the role of IRF2 in the inflammatory response of macrophages remains somewhat contradictory.

Comparison of the STANDARD M10 . , Xpert . , and BD MAX Cdiff assays as confirmatory tests in a two-step algorithm for diagnosing infection.

Current guidelines recommend a two-step algorithm rather than relying solely on a single test for diagnosing infection. This algorithm starts with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detecting glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxins A/B, followed by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for GDH-positive but toxin-negative cases. This study compared the performance of three commercial NAATs: the STANDARD M10 , Xpert , and BD MAX Cdiff assays, utilized as confirmatory testing of the two-step algorithm.

Corrigendum: A comparative study of two PET verification methods in clinical cases.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.

Non-lethal sonodynamic therapy inhibits high glucose and palmitate-induced macrophage inflammasome activation through mtROS-DRP1-mitophagy pathway.

Obesity plays a crucial role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by causing excessive release of free fatty acid from adipose tissue, which in turn leads to systemic infiltration of macrophages. In individuals with T2DM, the infiltration of macrophages into pancreatic islets results in islet inflammation that impairs beta cell function, as evidenced by increased apoptosis and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of non-lethal sonodynamic therapy (NL-SDT) on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exposed to high glucose and palmitic acid (HG/PA).

Triglyceride-lowering therapies in hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis in China: a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: No specific triglyceride-lowering therapy is recommended in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP), primarily because of the lack of quality evidence. This study aimed to describe practice variations in triglyceride-lowering therapies for early HTG-AP patients and assess whether more rapid triglyceride decline is associated with improving organ failure.

Methods: This is a multicentre, prospective cohort study recruiting HTG-AP patients with elevated plasma triglyceride (> 11.