Induction of SUSD2 by STAT3 Activation Is Associated with Tumor Recurrence in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Sushi domain-containing protein 2 (SUSD2), a transmembrane protein containing a sushi motif, has been reported to have tumor-promoting functions in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism of SUSD2 and its function in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer have not been fully identified as yet. In this study, we explored the potential of targeting SUSD2 to overcome trastuzumab (TRZ) resistance in HER2+ breast cancer.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma revisited: impact of the World Health Organization 2022 classification on prognostication.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of the revised papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) classification and evaluate its validity with regard to oncological outcome stratification.

Patients And Methods: Identifying 527 patients with PRCC who underwent surgical resection from 1995 to 2022, a tissue microarray was constructed for immunohistochemical and molecular characterisation. Re-classification according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 criteria and nuclear grading according to the WHO/International Society of Urological Pathologists criteria were done.

Artificial intelligence algorithm for neoplastic cell percentage estimation and its application to copy number variation in urinary tract cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer is characterized by frequent mutations, which provide potential therapeutic targets for most patients. The effectiveness of emerging personalized therapies depends on an accurate molecular diagnosis, for which the accurate estimation of the neoplastic cell percentage (NCP) is a crucial initial step. However, the established method for determining the NCP, manual counting by a pathologist, is time-consuming and not easily executable.

IFITM3-mediated activation of TRAF6/MAPK/AP-1 pathways induces acquired TKI resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been the standard of care for advanced and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the therapeutic effect of TKI monotherapy remains unsatisfactory given the high rates of acquired resistance to TKI therapy despite favorable initial tumor response.

Materials And Methods: To define the TKI-resistance mechanism and identify new therapeutic target for TKI-resistant ccRCC, an integrative differential gene expression analysis was performed using acquired resistant cohort and a public dataset.

Invasiveness of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical Significance and Integrative Diagnostic Strategy.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the clinicopathologic, radiologic, and molecular significance of the tumor invasiveness to further stratify the patients with high-grade (HG) upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who can be treated less aggressively.

Materials And Methods: Clinicopathologic and radiologic characteristics of 166 surgically resected HG UTUC (48 noninvasive, and 118 invasive) cases were evaluated. Six noninvasive UTUC cases with intratumoral tumor grade heterogeneity were selected for whole-exome sequencing (WES) to understand the underlying molecular pathophysiology.

Development and Asian-wide validation of the Grade for Interpretable Field Triage (GIFT) for predicting mortality in pre-hospital patients using the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS).

Background: Field triage is critical in injury patients as the appropriate transport of patients to trauma centers is directly associated with clinical outcomes. Several prehospital triage scores have been developed in Western and European cohorts; however, their validity and applicability in Asia remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate an interpretable field triage scoring systems based on a multinational trauma registry in Asia.

Suppression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-Alpha Overcomes Resistance to Trastuzumab through STAT3-Dependent IL-6 Reduction in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells.

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) plays an essential role in the proliferation and invasion of malignant cancer cells. However, the functional role of PDGFR alpha (PDGFRA) in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer has not been fully clarified yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of PDGFRA and the therapeutic potential of PDGFR inhibitors as part of an effort to overcome trastuzumab (TRZ) resistance.

Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2 Is Regulated Through the EGFR/Src Pathway in HER2-positive Breast Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) influences growth and metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the regulatory mechanism of CCL2 induction by human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is not fully understood in breast cancer. Thus, we investigated how CCL2 expression is regulated in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer.

Tumorigenicity of EGFR- and/or HER2-Positive Breast Cancers Is Mediated by Recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages.

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) has a clinically aggressive nature. It is prevalent in young women and is known to often relapse rapidly. To date, the molecular mechanisms regarding the aggressiveness of BLBC have not been fully understood.

Synaptophysin, CD117, and GATA3 as a Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Panel for Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Urinary Tract.

Although SCNEC is based on its characteristic histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is commonly employed to confirm neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). The challenge here is that SCNEC may yield negative results for traditional neuroendocrine markers. To establish an IHC panel for NED, 17 neuronal, basal, and luminal markers were examined on a tissue microarray construct generated from 47 cases of 34 patients with SCNEC as a discovery cohort.

PD-L1 Upregulation by the mTOR Pathway in VEGFR-TKI-Resistant Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling pathways have been used for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mCCRCC), but resistance to the drug develops in most patients. We aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the TKI resistance with regard to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and to investigate signaling pathway associated with the resistant mechanism.

Materials And Methods: To determine the mechanism of resistance, 10 mCCRCC patients from whom tumor tissues were harvested at both the pretreatment and the TKI-resistant post-treatment period were included as the discovery cohort, and their global gene expression profiles were compared.

Entelon ( Seed Extract) Prevents Cancer Metastasis via the Downregulation of Interleukin-1 Alpha in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Interleukin-1 (IL1) is a proinflammatory cytokine and promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness in a diversity of cancers, such as breast and colon cancer. Here, we focused on the pharmacological effect of Entelon (ETL) on the tumorigenesis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by IL1-alpha (IL1A). IL1A enhanced the cell growth and invasiveness of TNBC cells.

Mitigation of Hematopoietic Syndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome by 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) is Associated with Regulation of Systemic Inflammation in a Murine Model of Total-Body Irradiation.

The growing risk of accidental radiation exposure due to increased usage of ionizing radiation, such as in nuclear power, industries and medicine, has increased the necessity for the development of radiation countermeasures. Previously, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the acetylated diacylglycerol, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG), as a radiation countermeasure by mitigating radiation-associated mortality and hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) in BALB/c mice after a lethal dose (LD70/30) of gamma-ray total-body irradiation (TBI). In this study, we show that PLAG mitigates symptoms of H-ARS, as characterized by mature blood cell recovery and restoration of bone marrow cellularity, by regulating systemic inflammation.

Celastrol attenuates the inflammatory response by inhibiting IL‑1β expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells.

IL‑1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness in various malignancies, such as breast and colorectal cancer. In the present study, the functional roles of IL‑1β (IL1B) and the inhibitory effect of celastrol on IL1B expression were investigated in triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The data revealed that celastrol markedly decreased IL1B expression and suppressed TNBC cell proliferation in a dose‑dependent manner.

Specialist Perception of Severe Asthma in Korea: A Questionnaire Survey.

The Working Group on Severe Asthma of the Korean Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology recently published an expert opinion paper on the management of severe asthma in Korea. When developing a consensus, the working group encountered several diagnostic and treatment issues and decided to perform a questionnaire survey of Korean specialists with regard to severe asthma. An e-mail with a uniform resource locator link to the questionnaire was sent to 121 asthma specialists, of whom 44.

Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor synergistically increases the pharmacological effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor α positive breast cancer.

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, a complex and imperative group of proangiogenic factors, acts as strong cell growth chemokines and is essential for the progression of malignancy in humans. In the present study, it was observed that aberrant PDGFB expression is associated with survival rates in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER) breast cancer unlike other subtypes, including PDGFA, PDGFC and PDGFD. Accordingly, the effect of specific PDGF receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors on ER-α breast cancer cells was investigated.

Effectiveness of Smartwatch Guidance for High-Quality Infant Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Simulation Study.

As in adults, the survival rates and neurological outcomes after infant Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are closely related to the quality of resuscitation. This study aimed to demonstrate that using a smartwatch as a haptic feedback device increases the quality of infant CPR performed by medical professionals. We designed a prospective, randomized, case-crossover simulation study.

Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor C and their receptors additionally increases doxorubicin effects in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Complex of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and PDGF receptors have important functions in the regulation of growth and survival of various cell types. Herein, it was found that aberrant PDGFC expression is closely associated with survival rates in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. In addition, PDGFC expression was identified to be significantly increased in TNBC cells unlike other subtypes such as PDGFA, PDGFB, and PDGFD.

Evaluation and Management of Difficult-to-Treat and Severe Asthma: An Expert Opinion From the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the Working Group on Severe Asthma.

Severe asthma (SA) presents in about 3%-5% of adult asthmatics and is responsible for over 60% of asthma-related medical expenses, posing a heavy socioeconomic burden. However, to date, a precise definition of or clear diagnostic criteria for SA have not been established, and therefore, it has been challenging for clinicians to diagnose and treat this disease. Currently, novel biologics targeting several molecules, such as immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)5, and IL4/IL13, have emerged, and many new drugs are under development.

WNT5A augments cell invasiveness by inducing CXCL8 in HER2-positive breast cancer cells.

WNT5A is abnormally increased in a variety of cancers including breast cancer and has an adverse effect on the prognosis. However, the biological function of WNT5A is not fully known in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Using public clinical data, we analyzed disease-free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS).

Effectiveness of a Real-Time Ventilation Feedback Device for Guiding Adequate Minute Ventilation: A Manikin Simulation Study.

It is often challenging even for skilled rescuers to provide adequate positive pressure ventilation consistently. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a newly developed real-time ventilation feedback device (RTVFD) that estimates tidal volume (TV) and ventilation interval (VI) in real time. We conducted a randomised, crossover, manikin simulation study.