Comparative Analysis of the Biochemical and Molecular Responses of to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation: Phosphorus Limitation Enhances Carotenogenesis.

is well known for its potential for biofuel production due to its high lipid content. Numerous omics and biochemical studies have explored the overall molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of sp. to nutrient availability, primarily focusing on lipid metabolism.

Transcription factors and hormone receptors: Sex‑specific targets for cancer therapy (Review).

Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, cancer continues to pose a challenge to disease-free longevity in humans. Numerous factors contribute to the onset and progression of cancer, among which sex differences, as an intrinsic biological condition, warrant further attention. The present review summarizes the roles of hormone receptors estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR) in seven types of cancer: Breast, prostate, ovarian, lung, gastric, colon and liver cancer.

Update on cancer screening in children with syndromes of bone lesions, hereditary leiomyoma and renal cell carcinoma syndrome, and other rare syndromes.

The management of children with syndromes associated with an increased risk of benign and malignant neoplasms is a complex challenge for healthcare professionals. The 2023 AACR Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop provided updated consensus guidelines on cancer surveillance in these syndromes, aiming to improve early detection, intervention, and reduce morbidity associated with such neoplasms. In this paper, we review several of the rare conditions discussed in this workshop.

Depression like-behavior and memory loss induced by methylglyoxal is associated with tryptophan depletion and oxidative stress: a new in vivo model of neurodegeneration.

Background: Depression and memory loss are prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, with diabetic patients facing an elevated risk of brain dysfunction. Methylglyoxal (MGO) formation, which is heightened in diabetes owing to hyperglycemia and gut dysbiosis, may serve as a critical link between diabetes and brain diseases. Despite the high prevalence of MGO, the precise mechanisms underlying MGO-induced depression and memory loss remain unclear.

Update on Pediatric Surveillance Recommendations for PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome, DICER1-Related Tumor Predisposition, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), DICER1-related tumor predisposition (DICER1) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are rare conditions which each increase risk for distinct spectra of benign and malignant neoplasms throughout childhood and adulthood. Surveillance considerations for each of these conditions focus on patient and family education, early detection and multidisciplinary care. In this manuscript, we present updated surveillance recommendations and considerations for children and adolescents with PHTS, DICER1 and TSC and provide suggestions for further research in each of these conditions.

Taxonomic, Physiological, and Biochemical Characterization of AQYS21 as a Promising Sustainable Feedstock for Biofuels and ω-3 Fatty Acids.

strain AQYS21, a green microalga isolated from the brackish waters near Manseong-ri Black Sand Beach in Korea, shows considerable potential as a source of bioactive compounds and biofuels. Therefore, this study analyzed the morphological, molecular, and biochemical characteristics of this strain; optimized its cultivation conditions; and evaluated its suitability for biodiesel production. Morphological analysis revealed characteristics typical of the genus: spherical to ellipsoidal cells with pyrenoid starch plates and mucilage-embedded coenobia.

Ring Chromosome 17 Syndrome-A Case Report and Discussion of Diagnostic Methods.

Ring chromosome 17 and 17p13.3 deletion syndrome are phenotypically heterogeneous diseases with similar clinical features. The ring chromosome 17 phenotypic features range from the Miller-Dieker syndrome characterized by deletion of the PAFAH1B1 gene, lissencephaly, hypotonia, dysphagia, café au lait spots, and severe intellectual disability, to a milder phenotype characterized by microcephaly, seizures, delayed development, minor facial dysmorphic features, clinodactyly, short stature, café au lait spots, retinal flecking, and deletion of the YWHAE and CRK genes.

Fluorescence-guided tumor visualization of colorectal cancer using tumor-initiating probe yellow in preclinical models.

Fluorescence-guided surgery has emerged as an innovative technique with promising applications in the treatment of various tumors, including colon cancer. Tumor-initiating probe yellow (TiY) has been discovered for identifying tumorigenic cells by unbiased phenotypic screening with thousands of diversity-oriented fluorescence library (DOFL) compounds in a patient-derived lung cancer cell model. This study demonstrated the clinical feasibility of TiY for tumor-specific fluorescence imaging in the tissues of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Intracalvariosseous administration of donepezil microspheres protects against cognitive impairment by virtue of long-lasting brain exposure in mice.

Recent studies have demonstrated the direct connections between the skull bone marrow, meninges, and brain. In an effort to explore these connections for the purpose of brain drug delivery, we previously proposed the direct application of CNS drugs into the diploic space between the outer and inner cortex of the skull, namely, intracalvariosseous administration (ICO). It was successfully demonstrated that small molecular to large colloidal drugs can readily reach the brain after ICO in mice and rabbits.

Passive Exoskeletons During Live Surgeries: Supporting Forward Head Postures Among Veterinary Surgeons.

TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) are prevalent among veterinary surgeons. Recent research has proposed exoskeletons as potential solutions in reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among surgeons, but no studies have addressed the neck forward postures (opposite of overhead work), a unique ergonomic neck risk, commonly required during live, open surgery. We explored the effectiveness of a passive neck-support exoskeleton during live veterinary surgical procedures with experienced surgeons.

Impact of physical activity levels on the association between air pollution exposures and glycemic indicators in older individuals.

Background: Air pollution may exacerbate diabetes-related indicators; however, the longitudinal associations between air pollutant concentrations and glycemic markers remain unclear. In this prospective cohort study, we examined the longitudinal associations between air pollution and glycemic indicators among older individuals with normoglycemia at baseline and determined whether these associations differed according to changes in physical activity levels.

Methods: Overall, 1,856 participants (mean age, 70.

Genomic ascertainment of -related cancer predisposition.

Purpose: There is clear evidence that deleterious germline variants in increases risk for breast and prostate cancers; there is limited or conflicting evidence for other cancers. Genomic ascertainment was used to quantify cancer risk in germline pathogenic variant heterozygotes.

Patients And Methods: Germline variants were extracted from two exome-sequenced biobanks linked to the electronic health record: UK Biobank (n= 469,765) and Geisinger MyCode (n=170,503).

Cytotoxic Peptaibols from , a Fungus Isolated from an Urban Soil Sample.

Soil sustains human life by nourishing crops, storing food sources, and housing microbes, which may affect the nutrition and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, some of which are used as drugs. To identify lead compounds for a new class of drugs, we collected soil-derived fungal strains from various environments, including urban areas. As various human pathogens are assumed to influence the biosynthetic pathways of metabolites in soil fungi, leading to the production of novel scaffolds, we focused our work on densely populated urban areas and tourist attractions.

Retraction Notice to: Decreased Lung Tumor Development in SwAPP Mice through the Downregulation of CHI3L1 and STAT 3 Activity via the Upregulation of miRNA342-3p.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.

Factors Affecting Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions and Changes in Clinical Practice after Enforcement of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision (LST) Act: A Tertiary Hospital Experience in Korea.

Purpose: In Korea, the act on hospice and palliative care and decisions on life-sustaining treatment (LST) was implemented on February 4, 2018. We aimed to investigate relevant factors and clinical changes associated with LST decisions after law enforcement.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients who completed LST documents using legal forms at Asan Medical Center from February 5, 2018, to June 30, 2020.

Guava leaf extract attenuated muscle proteolysis in dexamethasone induced muscle atrophic mice via ubiquitin proteasome system, mTOR-autophagy, and apoptosis pathway.

Muscle atrophy is the waste or loss of muscle mass and is caused by physical inactivity, aging, or diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and heart failure. The number of patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders is expected to increase in the future. However, intervention for muscle atrophy is limited, so research on treatment for muscle wasting is needed.

Germline PTCH1: c.361_362insAlu alteration identified by comprehensive exome and RNA sequencing in a patient with Gorlin syndrome.

Gorlin syndrome can be caused by pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the tumor suppressor gene PTCH1 (9q22.1-q31), which encodes the receptor for the sonic hedgehog (SHH) ligand. We present a 12-month-old boy clinically diagnosed with Gorlin syndrome who was found to have significantly delayed development, palmar pitting, palmar and plantar keratosis, short hands, frontal bossing, coarse face, hypertelorism, a bifid rib, misaligned and missing teeth, and SHH-activated medulloblastoma.

Chronic ultraviolet irradiation induces memory deficits via dysregulation of the dopamine pathway.

The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on brain function have previously been investigated; however, the specific neurotransmitter-mediated mechanisms responsible for UV radiation-induced neurobehavioral changes remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying UV radiation-induced neurobehavioral changes. In a mouse model, we observed that UV irradiation of the skin induces deficits in hippocampal memory, synaptic plasticity, and adult neurogenesis, as well as increased dopamine levels in the skin, adrenal glands, and brain.

Amikacin in 30% poloxamer 407 is a versatile local therapy with method of application and outcome documented in 29 dogs.

Objective: To report the clinical use, adverse events, and outcomes after using amikacin in 30% poloxamer 407 (amikacin-P407) during open wound management or in a closed wound application in dogs.

Animals: 29 client-owned dogs.

Methods: Medical records from January 2017 to August 2023 from a single hospital were reviewed for dogs that received amikacin-P407 in an open or closed wound application.

Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly: An Approach to the Diagnosis of Lysosomal Storage Diseases.

Clinical findings of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, the abnormal enlargement of the liver and spleen, respectively, should prompt a broad differential diagnosis that includes metabolic, congestive, neoplastic, infectious, toxic, and inflammatory conditions. Among the metabolic diseases, lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare and ultrarare conditions with a collective incidence of 1 in 5000 live births. LSDs are caused by genetic variants affecting the lysosomal enzymes, transporters, or integral membrane proteins.