Comparative study on structural and functional brain differences in mild cognitive impairment patients with tinnitus.

Objective: Tinnitus may be associated with various brain changes. However, the degenerative changes in patients with tinnitus have not been extensively investigated. We aimed to evaluate degenerative, structural, and functional brain changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who also suffer from tinnitus.

Association between eyeball asymmetry and offset of openings in optic nerve head canal assessed by posterior polar eyeball topography.

We investigated three-dimensional (3D) eyeball protrusion and its association with the offset between the lamina cribrosa (LC) and Bruch's membrane opening (BMO). 3D-MRI scans were taken from 93 subjects (186 eyes). An ellipsoid was fitted along the posterior 2/3 contour of each eyeball.

Impaired cognitive flexibility and disrupted cognitive cerebellum in degenerative cerebellar ataxias.

There is a clinically unmet need for a neuropsychological tool that reflects the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in cerebellar degeneration. We investigated cognitive flexibility in degenerative cerebellar ataxia patients and aim to identify the pathophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunction in relation to cerebellar cognitive circuits. We prospectively enrolled degenerative cerebellar ataxia patients with age-matched healthy controls who underwent 3 T 3D and resting-state functional MRI.

Malignancy risk of indeterminate lymph node at the central compartment in patients with thyroid cancer and concomitant sonographic thyroiditis.

Background: To evaluate the malignancy risk of sonographic (US) indeterminate lymph node (LN)s at the central compartment in thyroid cancer patients with US-thyroiditis (ST).

Methods: Among the central compartments of suspicious, indeterminate, and probably benign LN US categories, the malignancy rates were compared between ST and non-US-thyroiditis (non-ST) groups. Those of indeterminate category were compared with suspicious and probably benign categories.

Malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules according to echotexture and degree of hypoechogenicity: a retrospective multicenter validation study.

Various risk stratification systems show discrepancies in the ultrasound lexicon of nodule echotexture and hypoechogenicity. This study aimed to determine the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules according to their echotexture and degree of hypoechogenicity. From June to September 2015, we retrospectively evaluated 5601 thyroid nodules with final diagnoses from 26 institutions.

Differences in Brain Morphology between Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo and Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Objective: The distinction between idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and hydrocephalus ex vacuo caused by encephalic volume loss remains to be established. This study aims to investigate radiological parameters as clinically useful tools to discriminate iNPH from hydrocephalus ex vacuo caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A total of 54 patients with ventriculomegaly (iNPH, 25; hydrocephalus ex vacuo, 29) were recruited in this study.

Cochlear duct length and cochlear distance on preoperative CT: imaging markers for estimating insertion depth angle of cochlear implant electrode.

Objectives: Preoperative estimation of the insertion depth angle of cochlear implant (CI) electrodes is essential for surgical planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the cochlear size using preoperative CT and to investigate the correlation between cochlear size and insertion depth angle in morphologically normal cochlea.

Methods: Thirty-five children who underwent CI were included in this study.

Relationship between Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Eyeball Shape and Optic Nerve Head Morphology.

Purpose: To determine if the 3-dimensional (3D) eyeball shape is associated with the positions of the central retinal vascular trunk (CRVT) and the externally oblique border (EOB) in the optic nerve head (ONH).

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants: Fifty-six subjects (112 eyes) with a diagnosis of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect.

CT and MR imaging findings of ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated with IgG4-related disease: multi-institutional case series.

Aim: To report CT and MR imaging findings of ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-MALT lymphoma), a rare but clinically important complication of ocular adnexal IgG4-related disease.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of histologically confirmed ocular adnexal IgG4-related disease at three tertiary and one secondary referral centers, between February 2003 and December 2016. Seven cases of histopathologically diagnosed IgG4-MALT lymphoma were identified.

Prognostic Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI-Derived Pharmacokinetic Variables in Glioblastoma Patients: Analysis of Contrast-Enhancing Lesions and Non-Enhancing T2 High-Signal Intensity Lesions.

Objective: To evaluate pharmacokinetic variables from contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) and non-enhancing T2 high signal intensity lesions (NE-T2HSILs) on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-four GBM patients who had undergone preoperative DCE MR imaging and received standard treatment were retrospectively included. We analyzed the pharmacokinetic variables of the volume transfer constant (Ktrans) and volume fraction of extravascular extracellular space within the CEL and NE-T2HSIL of the entire tumor.

Development of Quality-Controlled Low-Dose Protocols for Radiography in the Neonatal ICU Using a New Mobile Digital Radiography System.

The aim of this study was to develop a low-dose radiography protocol for the neonatal ICU (NICU) using a new mobile digital radiography system with advanced denoising image processing and to evaluate the noninferiority of that protocol. In this prospective randomized study, 40 neonates in the NICU underwent radiography of the thorax and abdomen with two different mobile radiography units: conventional technique on one unit (50 kV, 1.6 mAs, and no additional filtration) and a new technique on another unit (54 kV, 0.

Ultrasonographic Indeterminate Lymph Nodes in Preoperative Thyroid Cancer Patients: Malignancy Risk and Ultrasonographic Findings Predictive of Malignancy.

Objective: Proper management of lymph nodes (LNs) with ultrasonographic (US) indeterminate features in thyroid cancer patients remains elusive. We aimed to evaluate the malignancy risk and US findings predictive of malignancy for US indeterminate LNs in preoperative thyroid cancer patients through node-by-node correlation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 348 LNs in 284 thyroid cancer patients, who underwent fine-needle aspiration or core-needle biopsy between December 2006 and June 2015, were included.

Ivy Sign Predicts Ischemic Stroke Recurrence in Adult Moyamoya Patients without Revascularization Surgery.

Background: Although there is a standard guideline for performing revascularization surgery in patients with Moyamoya diseases (MMD), more objective and easily obtainable predictors are still needed.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between an ipsilateral ivy sign and ischemic stroke recurrence in adult MMD patients without revascularization surgery.

Methods: We included consecutive MMD patients without revascularization surgery between 2006 and 2014.

Ultrasound image analysis using deep learning algorithm for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the procedure of choice for evaluating thyroid nodules. It is indicated for nodules >2 cm, even in cases of very low suspicion of malignancy. FNA has associated risks and expenses.

MRI Findings of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Usefulness of Straight Sinus Distention.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) shows various characteristic MRI findings. We evaluated the usefulness of straight sinus distention compared with transverse sinus distention and also evaluated other MRI findings of SIH. Forty-three consecutive patients (28 female and 15 male patients) treated for SIH and 43 age- and sex-matched control subjects at two institutions from 2012 through 2014 were included in this study.

Persistent/Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Persistent Disease and Clinical Recurrence Based on Computed Tomography Analysis.

Background: The natural course of persistent/recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative incidence and clinico-radiological characteristics of persistent disease and clinical recurrence based on computed tomography (CT) analysis in patients with persistent/recurrent DTC.

Methods: From January 2005 to December 2016, this retrospective study included 107 patients (M:F = 28:79; M = 53.

A quick test of cognitive speed in older adults with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A preliminary behavioral and brain imaging study.

The purpose of this study was to assess scores and processing speed distributions of the instrument, A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT), in Korean older adults through behavioral and brain imaging approaches. Participants were instructed to say the color names, stimuli's form, and both the color and form. Test scores and processing speeds were measured in these three subtests of color, form, and color-form.

Significance of distance between tumor and thyroid capsule as an indicator for central lymph node metastasis in clinically node negative papillary thyroid carcinoma patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperatively identifiable clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics associated with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in clinically node negative papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Records of the patients who underwent thyroidectomy with prophylactic central lymph node dissection due to clinically node negative PTC (size, 1.0-3.

PREDICTION OF NONDIAGNOSTIC RESULTS IN FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION OF THYROID NODULES: UTILITY OF ON-SITE GROSS VISUAL ASSESSMENT OF SPECIMENS FOR LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY.

Objective: To explore a comprehensive approach for on-site gross visual assessments of liquid-based cytology (LBC) specimens of thyroid nodules and determine morphologic criteria that help predict nondiagnostic rates.

Methods: Two-hundred nodules from 165 patients who underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) at our hospital were included in this prospectively designed, retrospective analysis. Specimens were visually assessed on-site for three morphologic categories (specimen color, specimen volume, and particle count) using a 5-point grading.

Metal Artifact Reduction for Orthopedic Implants: Brain CT Angiography in Patients with Intracranial Metallic Implants.

Background: The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the effects of a metal artifact reduction for orthopedic implants (O-MAR) for brain computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in patients with aneurysm clips and coils.

Methods: The study included 36 consecutive patients with 47 intracranial metallic implants (42 aneurysm clips, 5 coils) who underwent brain CTA. The computed tomographic images with and without the O-MAR were independently reviewed both quantitatively and qualitatively by two reviewers.

Value of CT added to ultrasonography for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with thyroid cancer.

Background: The benefit of CT for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with thyroid cancer is still unclear.

Methods: Three hundred fifty-one patients with thyroid cancers from 7 hospitals were prospectively enrolled in order to compare diagnostic performance between a combination of ultrasound and CT (ultrasound/CT) and ultrasound alone for prediction of lymph node metastasis and to calculate patient-based benefits of CT added to ultrasound.

Results: Of 801 pathologically proven neck levels, ultrasound/CT showed higher sensitivities in both central and lateral compartments and improved accuracy in the lateral compartment compared to ultrasound alone.

Patterns of Progressive Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thinning in Glaucoma Detected by OCT.

Purpose: To investigate the spatial characteristics and patterns of progressive macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning in glaucomatous eyes assessed by OCT Guided Progression Analysis (GPA).

Design: Longitudinal, retrospective, observational study.

Participants: Two hundred ninety-two eyes of 192 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with a mean follow-up of 6.