Chronic viral mimicry induction following p53 loss promotes immune evasion.

Epigenetic therapies facilitate transcription of immunogenic repetitive elements that cull cancer cells through 'viral mimicry' responses. Paradoxically, cancer-initiating events also facilitate transcription of repetitive elements. Contributions of repetitive element transcription towards cancer initiation, and the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade lethal viral mimicry responses during tumor initiation remain poorly understood.

Hyperoxia-activated Nrf2 regulates ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and intervenes in inflammatory reaction through COX-2/PGE2/EP2 pathway.

The lack of knowledge about the mechanism of hyperoxia-induced intestinal injury has attracted considerable attention, due to the potential for this condition to cause neonatal complications. This study aimed to explore the relationship between hyperoxia-induced oxidative damage and ferroptosis in intestinal tissue and investigate the mechanism by which hyperoxia regulates inflammation through ferroptosis. The study systematically evaluated the effects of hyperoxia on oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, ferroptosis, and inflammation of intestinal epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Integrating lipid metabolomics, serum medicinal chemistry, network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of Sanmiao wan in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a high clinical morbidity and leads to persistent chronic inflammation. Sanmiao wan is a classic formula for the treatment of RA, and the results of clinical and experimental studies have shown its therapeutic effect on RA. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear.

Prevalence of falls and associations with family functioning among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China.

Introduction: Falls are the primary cause of unintentional fatalities among individuals aged 65 and older. Enhancing research on fall prevention among older adults is an urgent priority. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of falls among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China, with a particular emphasis on the impact of family functioning.

Quercetin Promote the Chemosensitivity in Organoids Derived from Patients with Breast Cancer.

Aim: The study aimed to culture organoids from tissues of patients with breast cancer (BC) and use the organoids to measure the sensitivity to quercetin and its combination with chemotherapeutic agents.

Methods: Four patient-derived organoids (PDOs) of BC were cultured. The proliferative activity and morphology of PDOs were evaluated on different generations and after resuscitation.

Exposure to air pollution and the risk of type II diabetes mellitus: a time-series study.

Background: Environmental factors have been identified as primary risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, studies on the association between environmental factors and T2DM have mainly focused on morbidity and mortality, which do not fully reflect the disease burden stemming from air pollution. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between air pollution and T2DM, including hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs.

A review of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage and gastroenterostomy: assisted approaches and comparison with alternative techniques.

Over the last 40 years, the role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has evolved from being diagnostic to therapeutic. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) and EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) are emerging techniques in recent years; however, there are limited studies and inconsistent results regarding these techniques. In addition, EUS has become a more common alternative to traditional interventions due to its super minimally invasive nature, but the mobility of both the gallbladder and intestine makes it challenging to introduce stents.

Interferon response and epigenetic modulation by mutations drive ovarian tumor immunogenicity.

Cell-intrinsic mechanisms of immunogenicity in ovarian cancer (OC) are not well understood. Damaging mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, such as (BRG1), are associated with improved response to immune checkpoint blockade; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. We found that loss in OC models resulted in increased cancer cell-intrinsic immunogenicity, characterized by up-regulation of long-terminal RNA repeats, increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes, and up-regulation of antigen presentation machinery.

Berberine ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium -induced colitis through tuft cells and bitter taste signalling.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a persistent gastrointestinal disease, is featured with impaired gut immunity. Previous studies have demonstrated that tuft cells can regulate the intestinal type 2 immune response by activating downstream ILC2 and Th2 cells and repair gut barrier upon invasion of parasitic helminths, bacteria, protozoans, and enteritis through different chemo-sensing receptors, such as bitter taste receptors. Berberine is a widely used in the treatment of diarrhea in clinic, however the mechanism underlying this effect is not clear.

Cancer cells restrict immunogenicity of retrotransposon expression via distinct mechanisms.

To thrive, cancer cells must navigate acute inflammatory signaling accompanying oncogenic transformation, such as via overexpression of repeat elements. We examined the relationship between immunostimulatory repeat expression, tumor evolution, and the tumor-immune microenvironment. Integration of multimodal data from a cohort of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients revealed expression of specific Alu repeats predicted to form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and trigger retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like-receptor (RLR)-associated type-I interferon (IFN) signaling.

Combined effects and potential mechanisms of phthalate metabolites on serum sex hormones among reproductive-aged women: An integrated epidemiology and computational toxicology study.

The reproductive age is a crucial stage for women to bear offspring. However, reproductive-aged women are simultaneously exposed to various phthalates, which may pose a threat to their reproductive health. This study employed generalized linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to explore the associations between monoesters of phthalates (MPAEs) and sex hormones in 913 reproductive-aged women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Guarding against digestive-system cancers: Unveiling the role of Chk2 as a potential therapeutic target.

Digestive-system cancers represent major threats to human health; however, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and radiochemotherapy resistance have remained elusive. Therefore, an urgent need exists for identifying key drivers of digestive system tumorigenesis and novel targeted therapeutics. The checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) regulates cell-cycle progression, and Chk2 dysregulation or Chk2 mutations can lead to the development of various cancers, which makes Chk2 an important research topic.

A High-Stability Pressure-Sensitive Implantable Memristor for Pulmonary Hypertension Monitoring.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) significantly affects the quality of life and lifespan of humans and has promoted the development of flexible implantable electronic devices for PH diagnosis and prevention. Traditional implantable devices based on the von Neumann architecture face insurmountable challenges in processing large amounts of biological data due to computational bottlenecks. Memristors, with integrated in-memory sensing and computing capabilities, can effectively eliminate computational bottlenecks and become one of the most promising products in implantable devices for health monitoring.

Functionally distinct anticoagulant mechanisms of endothelial cells.

Antithrombin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) provide different anticoagulant mechanisms. Having established a potent anticoagulant role of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vessel-on-a-chip microfluidic models, we now investigated how these cells modulated thrombin generation under stasis through antithrombin and TFPI pathways. We observed that endothelial monolayers in 96 well-plates strongly delayed and suppressed the thrombin generation process induced by tissue factor, regardless of the presence of whole blood, platelet-rich plasma or platelet-free plasma.

Hydroxychloroquine inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Hydroxychloroquine, used initially as an anti-malarial drug, is now recognized for its anti-tumor effects in a range of human cancers. Nevertheless, there has been limited attention given to the molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor action of hydroxychloroquine. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of hydroxychloroquine in human A549 cells and further analyzed the potential molecular mechanisms involved.

Efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide combined with botulinum toxin A in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids: A meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) combined with botulinum toxin type A (BTA) for treating hypertrophic scars and keloids.

Methods: A comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials published before September 2023 was conducted across the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The analysis involved calculating pooled weighted mean difference (WMD), pooled risk ratios (RR), and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).

MdSVWC1, a new pattern recognition receptor triggers multiple defense mechanisms against invading bacteria in Musca domestica.

Background: Single-domain von Willebrand factor type C (SVWC) constitute a protein family predominantly identified in arthropods, characterized by a SVWC domain and involved in diverse physiological processes such as host defense, stress resistance, and nutrient metabolism. Nevertheless, the physiological mechanisms underlying these functions remain inadequately comprehended.

Results: A massive expansion of the SVWC gene family in Musca domestica (MdSVWC) was discovered, with a count of 35.