Production of genetically modified pigs expressing human insulin and C-peptide as a source of islets for xenotransplantation.

Islet xenotransplantation is a promising treatment for type I diabetes. Numerous studies of islet xenotransplantation have used pig-to-nonhuman primate transplantation models. Some studies reported long-term survival and successful function of porcine islets in diabetic monkeys.

Generation of insulin-deficient piglets by disrupting INS gene using CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with accompanying severe complications. Various animal models, mostly rodents due to availability of genetically modified lines, have been used to investigate the pathophysiology of diabetes. Using pigs for diabetic research can be beneficial because of their similarity in size, pathogenesis pathway, physiology, and metabolism with human.

Ethmoid pneumocele presenting with exophthalmos 15 years after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Introduction: A pneumocele is an abnormal dilation of an air-containing sinus beyond the normal margins of bone, with associated bony thinning. A delayed ethmoid pneumocele after sinus surgery has not previously been reported.

Methods: A case report of a patient with a delayed ethmoid pneumocele after sinus surgery.

Saliva and plasma quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based detection and surveillance of human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer.

Importance: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is a major causative factor in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The detection of primary OPSCC is often delayed owing to the challenging anatomy of the oropharynx.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of HPV-16 DNA detection in pretreatment and posttreatment plasma and saliva and its potential role as a marker of prognosis.

Clinical, genomic, and metagenomic characterization of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in patients who do not smoke.

Background: Evidence suggests the incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma is increasing in young patients, many who have no history of tobacco use.

Methods: We clinically reviewed 89 patients with oral tongue cancer. Exomic sequencing of tumor DNA from 6 nonsmokers was performed and compared to previously sequenced cases.

Expression microarray analysis reveals alternative splicing of LAMA3 and DST genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Prior studies have demonstrated tumor-specific alternative splicing events in various solid tumor types. The role of alternative splicing in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. Our study queried exon-level expression to implicate splice variants in HNSCC tumors.

Antitumor effect of vandetanib through EGFR inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have been implicated as therapeutic targets for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Vandetanib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with dual specificity for EGFR and VEGFR. Here we characterize the phenotypic and biochemical effects of vandetanib on various HNSCC cell lines.

Biology of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in head and neck cancer: beyond angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is a necessary process for tumor progression and is driven through molecular interactions between cancer cells and neighboring vascular endothelial cells. The primary mediators of angiogenesis are the vascular endothelial growth factors and their respective receptors on endothelial cells. There are several U.

Nitric oxide represses the Arabidopsis floral transition.

The correct timing of flowering is essential for plants to maximize reproductive success and is controlled by environmental and endogenous signals. We report that nitric oxide (NO) repressed the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants treated with NO, as well as a mutant overproducing NO (nox1), flowered late, whereas a mutant producing less NO (nos1) flowered early.