Wearable optical coherence tomography angiography probe with extended depth of field.

Significance: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely utilized to investigate brain activities and disorders in anesthetized or restrained rodents. However, anesthesia can alter several physiological parameters, leading to findings that might not fully represent the true physiological state. To advance the understanding of brain function in awake and freely moving animals, the development of wearable OCT probes is crucial.

Resonant Cell-Based 1 Photoacoustic Gas Analyzer Immune to Light Power Fluctuation and Frequency Mismatch.

To overcome the light power fluctuation and frequency mismatch in photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), we proposed a self-corrected 1-only resonant cell-based PAS (1-RCPAS) gas analyzer. Based on the theoretical analysis of the 1 signal, a signal processing algorithm considering laser power-current nonlinearity is proposed. The 1-only algorithm is well-tailored for the resonant systems, requiring no time-division multiplexing.

Advanced magnetic resonance imaging in human placenta: insights into fetal growth restriction and congenital heart disease.

Placental function plays a crucial role in fetal development, as it serves as the primary interface for delivery of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to fetus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly improved our ability to visualize and understand the placenta's complex structure and function. This review provides an up-to-date examination of the most common and novel placental MRI techniques.

Enhancing cellulose hydrolysis via cellulase immobilization on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks using physical adsorption.

This study investigates the immobilization of cellulase on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) by physical adsorption, specifically the ZIF-8-NH and FeO@ZIF-8-NH, to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. The immobilization process was thoroughly analyzed, including optimization of conditions and characterization of ZIF carriers and immobilized enzymes. The impacts on the catalytic activity of cellulase under various temperatures, pH levels, and storage conditions were examined.

Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular physiology of preterm miniature piglets supported with a pumped artificial placenta system.

Objectives: We evaluated fetal cardiovascular physiology and mode of cardiac failure in premature miniature piglets on a pumped artificial placenta (AP) circuit.

Methods: Fetal pigs were cannulated via the umbilical vessels and transitioned to an AP circuit composed of a centrifugal pump and neonatal oxygenator and maintained in a fluid-filled biobag. Echocardiographic studies were conducted to measure ventricular function, umbilical blood flow, and fluid status.

Metasurface array for single-shot spectroscopic ellipsometry.

Spectroscopic ellipsometry is a potent method that is widely adopted for the measurement of thin film thickness and refractive index. Most conventional ellipsometers utilize mechanically rotating polarizers and grating-based spectrometers for spectropolarimetric detection. Here, we demonstrated a compact metasurface array-based spectroscopic ellipsometry system that allows single-shot spectropolarimetric detection and accurate determination of thin film properties without any mechanical movement.

Analysis of alterations in serum vitamins and correlations with gut microbiome, microbial metabolomics in patients with sepsis.

Background: Vitamins are essential micronutrients that play key roles in many biological pathways associated with sepsis. The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the progression of sepsis and may contribute to the onset of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in serum vitamins, and their correlation with intestinal flora and metabolomic profiles in patients with sepsis.

Fetal Hemodynamics, Early Survival, and Neurodevelopment in Patients With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Fetuses with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) exhibit profound fetal circulatory disturbances that may affect early outcomes.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the relationship between fetal hemodynamics and early survival and neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes in patients with cyanotic CHD.

Methods: In this longitudinal observational study, fetuses with cyanotic CHD underwent late gestational fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to measure vessel blood flow and oxygen content.

Wearable optical coherence tomography angiography probe for freely moving mice.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging optical imaging technology that holds great potential in medical and biological applications. Apart from its conventional ophthalmic uses, it has found extensive applications in studying various brain activities and disorders in anesthetized/restricted rodents, with a particular focus on visualizing brain blood vessel morphology and function. However, developing a compact wearable OCT probe for studying the brain activity/disorders in freely moving rodents is challenging due to the requirements for stability and lightweight design.

Pulmonary Vascular Regulation in the Fetal and Transitional Lung.

Fetal lungs have fewer and smaller arteries with higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) than a newborn. As gestation advances, the pulmonary circulation becomes more sensitive to changes in pulmonary arterial oxygen tension, which prepares them for the dramatic drop in PVR and increase in pulmonary blood flow (PBF) that occur when the baby takes its first few breaths of air, thus driving the transition from fetal to postnatal circulation. Dynamic and intricate regulatory mechanisms control PBF throughout development and are essential in supporting gas exchange after birth.

Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly impacts global society since it is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have been extensively investigated. EV delivery is involved in mediating the progression of CVDs and has great potential to be biomarker and therapeutic molecular carrier. Besides, EVs from stem cells and cardiac cells can effectively protect the heart from various pathologic conditions, and then serve as an alternative treatment for CVDs.

Feasibility of MRI assessment of maternal-fetal oxygen transport and consumption relative to maternal position in healthy late gestational pregnancies.

Late gestational supine positioning reduces maternal cardiac output due to inferior vena caval (IVC) compression, despite increased collateral venous return. However, little is known about the impact of maternal position on oxygen (O ) delivery and consumption of the gravid uterus, fetus, placenta and lower limbs. We studied the effects of maternal positioning on these parameters in 20 healthy pregnant subjects at 36 ± 2 weeks using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); a follow-up MRI was performed 6-months postpartum (n = 16/20).

Cellulase immobilization to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: An all-inclusive review.

Cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery plays a crucial role in the production of high-value biofuels and chemicals, with enzymatic hydrolysis being an essential component. The advent of cellulase immobilization has revolutionized this process, significantly enhancing the efficiency, stability, and reusability of cellulase enzymes. This review offers a thorough analysis of the fundamental principles underlying immobilization, encompassing various immobilization approaches such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and cross-linking.

Techno-economic analysis of residential building heating strategies for cost-effective upgrades in European cities.

The energy crisis in Europe requires cost-effective evaluations of residential heating strategies to reduce costs and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This research studied different heating systems in China and Europe. Based on heating energy surveys, simulation models were developed and further expanded for European cities.

Diagnosis and surgical outcomes of coarctation of the aorta in pediatric patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common congenital cardiovascular malformation, and improvements in the diagnostic process for surgical decision-making are important. We sought to compare the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to diagnose CoA.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 197 cases of CoA diagnosed by TTE and CTA and confirmed at surgery from July 2009 to August 2019.

Advanced imaging of fetal cardiac function.

Over recent decades, a variety of advanced imaging techniques for assessing cardiovascular physiology and cardiac function in adults and children have been applied in the fetus. In many cases, technical development has been required to allow feasibility in the fetus, while an appreciation of the unique physiology of the fetal circulation is required for proper interpretation of the findings. This review will focus on recent advances in fetal echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), providing examples of their application in research and clinical settings.

Identification of potential biomarkers and pathways for sepsis using RNA sequencing technology and bioinformatic analysis.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been proven by many to play a crucial part in the process of sepsis. To obtain a better understanding of sepsis, the molecular biomarkers associated with it, and its possible pathogenesis, we obtained data from RNA-sequencing analysis using serum from three sepsis patients and three healthy controls (HCs). Using edgeR (one of the Bioconductor software package), we identified 1118 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and 1394 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs) between sepsis patients and HCs.

A novel DEAH-box helicase 37 mutation associated with differences of sex development.

Objective: To determine the genetic etiology of a family pedigree with two patients affected by differences of sex development (DSD).

Methods: Assess the clinical characteristics of the patients and achieve exome sequencing results and functional studies.

Results: The 15-year-old proband, raised as female, presented with delayed puberty and short stature associated with atypical genitalia.

Kinetic modeling of xylonic acid production by Gluconobacter oxydans: effects of hydrodynamic conditions.

In this study, the synthesis of xylonic acid from xylose by Gluconobacter oxydans NL71 has been investigated. According to the relationship between oxygen transfer rate and oxygen uptake rate, three different kinetic models of product formation were established and the nonlinear fitting was carried out. The results showed that G.

Structurally integrated asymmetric polymer electrolyte with stable Janus interface properties for high-voltage lithium metal batteries.

Solid-state polymer electrolytes are outstanding candidates for next-generation lithium metal batteries in the realm of high specific energy densities, high safeties and tight contact with electrodes. However, their applications are still hindered by the limitations that no single polymer is electrochemically stable with the oxidizing high-voltage cathode and the highly reductive Li anode, simultaneously. Herein, a bilayer asymmetric polymer electrolyte (SL-SPE) without accessional interface resistance that using poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as a "bridge" to connect the sulfonyl (OS = O)-contained oxidation-tolerated layer and polyether-derived reduction-tolerated layer (SPE), is proposed and synthesized by sequential two-step UV polymerizations.

The role of major immune cells in myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, often leading to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure, which is a serious threat to human life and health. The immune system makes an important contribution to the maintenance of normal cardiac function. In the disease process of MI, necrotic cardiomyocytes release signals that activate nonspecific immunity and trigger the action of specific immunity.

Corrigendum: Advances in CAR T-cell therapy in bile duct, pancreatic, and gastric cancers.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.