Cs-treatments in Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells for Efficient Perovskite Tandems.

CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells are an attractive choice for a bottom cell of the low-cost and environmental tandem solar cells with perovskite. However, the progress in developing efficient perovskite/CZTSSe tandem solar cells has been hindered by the lack of high performance of the CZTSSe bottom cell. Here, an efficient CZTSSe bottom cell is demonstrated by adopting a facile and effective CsF treatment process.

Hierarchical Heterogeneous NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides for Efficient Solar-Powered Water Oxidation.

Highly active, stable, and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts are urgently needed for the realization of large-scale industrial hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) stand out as one of the most promising nonprecious electrocatalysts worth pursuing. Here, a hierarchical heterogeneous NiFe@NiFe LDH was successfully synthesized via a sequential electrodeposition technique using separate electrolytes containing iron precursors with different valence states (Fe, Fe).

Characterization of various tandem solar cells: Protocols, issues, and precautions.

In the search for a more efficient solar cell, various types of tandem solar cells (TSCs) have been actively developed worldwide as the performances of the single junction solar cells approach their theoretical limits. Meanwhile, various materials and structures are adopted in TSCs, which makes their characterizations and comparison difficult. Along with the classical monolithic TSC, which exhibits two electrical contacts, devices with three or four electrical contacts have been widely studied as a more performing alternative of commercialized solar cells.

Responses of earthworms exposed to low-density polyethylene microplastic fragments.

The interest in the effect of microplastics (MPs) on the terrestrial environment has been increasing recently. Different species of earthworms have been used to study the effects of MPs on different aspects of earthworm health. However, there is still a need for more studies because different studies report different effects on earthworms depending on the properties (e.

Effect of adipokine and ghrelin levels on BMD and fracture risk: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Circulating adipokines and ghrelin affect bone remodeling by regulating the activation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Although the correlation between adipokines, ghrelin, and bone mineral density (BMD) has been studied over the decades, its correlations are still controversial. Accordingly, an updated meta-analysis with new findings is needed.

Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Symptoms among Rotating Shift Nurses in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Rotating shift work places a serious burden on nurses' physical and psychological health. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a common complaint among shift workers. This study assessed GI symptoms and identified the associations between dietary habits, psychological status, and sleep quality among rotating shift nurses.

A Thin In S Interfacial Layer for Reducing Defects and Roughness of Cu ZnSn(S,Se) Thin-Film Solar Cells.

Cu ZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) has generated considerable research interest owing to its composition of abundant elements and excellent light-absorption properties. However, CZTSSe thin-film solar cells suffer from a considerable deficit in the open-circuit voltage (V ), which is mainly due to the severe interfacial recombination induced by the rough surface of CZTSSe and numerous physical defects. In this study, to improve the morphology and reduce the interfacial recombination, an In S passivation layer was introduced between the CZTSSe and CdS layers via a chemical bath deposition process, and the effects of the In S layer on the device performance were systematically examined by performing various electrodynamic analyses.

Effects of oligonol on the submandibular gland in ovariectomized rats.

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of oligonol on submandibular gland dysfunction in ovariectomized rats. We randomly divided female Sprague-Dawley rats into sham-operated, ovariectomized, and oligonol-treated ovariectomized groups. Oligonol was intraperitoneally administered at 30 mg/kg daily for six weeks.

Effects of a comprehensive self-management intervention on extraintestinal symptoms among patients with IBS.

Objective: Adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often report extraintestinal pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances in addition to abdominal pain. Few interventions have sought to reduce these extraintestinal symptoms within the IBS population. To address this, we compared the effects of a comprehensive self-management (CSM) intervention to a control intervention (usual care) on extraintestinal pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances among patients with IBS.

Roughness-Controlled CuZnSn(S,Se) Thin-Film Solar Cells with Reduced Charge Recombination.

Copper zinc tin sulfo-selenide (CZTSSe) is a promising light-absorbing material of thin-film solar cells because of its low material cost especially when it is prepared by cost-effective processes like the electrochemical deposition process. The CZTSSe thin-film solar cells, however, suffer from the relatively low efficiency, mostly because of the significant charge recombination. Given that the surface recombination is one of the major recombination paths, controlling the surface roughness, and thus the interfacial area is one of the key factors for improving their device performances.

Heavy metal and sulfate removal from sulfate-rich synthetic mine drainages using sulfate reducing bacteria.

The removals of heavy metals and sulfate in the synthetic acid mine drainages (AMDs) by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and the indigenous bacteria isolated from the mine area soil sample were studied to compare the AMD treatment efficiencies. The AMD treatment by the D. desulfuricans grown in the Desulfovibrio medium was used to represent bioaugmentation, while the AMD treatment by the indigenous bacteria grown in the Desulfovibrio medium was used to represent biostimulation.

Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Heart Rate Variability in Young Females with Constipation-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Parallel-group Trial.

Background/aims: The relation between heart rate variability (HRV) as non-invasive biomarkers of autonomic function and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as non-pharmacological treatments has rarely been examined in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an 8-week CBT intervention on HRV and IBS symptoms, and the correlation of changes in HRV with changes in IBS symptoms among young female nursing students with IBS-C.

Methods: This study consisted of an exploratory subgroup analysis of 43 participants with IBS-C who had been randomly assigned to receive either 8 weeks of CBT (n = 23) or general medical information (control, n = 20).

[A structural equation modeling on premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls].

Purpose: The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescent girls and to test the fitness with collected data.

Methods: The participants were 1,087 adolescent girls from 3 high schools and 5 middle schools in B city. Data were collected from July 3 to October 15, 2012 using self-reported questionnaires and were analyzed using PASW 18.

The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in female nursing students with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is highly prevalent in young women under stressful conditions. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been known to be effective in treating IBS.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of CBT in female nursing students with IBS.

[The effects of abdominal meridian massage on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea in full-time employed women].

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of abdominal meridian(Kyongrak) massage on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea.

Method: Eighty-five women (of 110 screened) enrolled in this study and were employed full-time with more than 6.0 points (in 0-10.

Effects of nasogastric tube feeding on serum sodium, potassium, and glucose levels.

Purpose: To examine whether significant alterations in serum sodium, potassium, and glucose levels occurred after nasogastric tube feeding with iso-osmolar formula in acute brain infarction patients.

Design And Methods: Serum sodium, potassium, and glucose levels were analyzed by a retrospective medical record review of 85 nasogastric tube-fed patients.

Findings: The mean values of serum sodium and potassium levels on the day before, and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days of nasogastric feeding were within the normal range.

(5-Arylfuran-2-ylcarbonyl)guanidines as cardioprotectives through the inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1.

A series of (5-arylfuran-2-ylcarbonyl)guanidines was synthesized and evaluated for the NHE-1 inhibitory activity and cardiprotective efficacy against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Starting with (5-phenylfuran-2-ylcarbonyl)guanidine 47 with a moderate inhibitory effect on NHE-1, the compounds with various substituents at the phenyl ring were investigated with the aim to optimize the potency. In this study, the 2,5-disubstituted compounds appeared to have better activities than the other analogues, and the 2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl compound 85 was found as a potent inhibitor of NHE-1 (IC(50) = 0.

[Screening for high risk population of dementia and development of the preventive program using web].

Purpose: This study was to develop a screening model for identifying a high risk group of dementia and to develop and evaluate the web-based prevention program.

Method: It was conducted in 5 phases. 1) Data were collected from dementia patients and non-dementia patients in a community.

Effects of body position and time after feeding on gastric residuals in LBW infants.

Purpose: To examine the effects of body position and time after feeding on gastric residuals in low birth weight infants(LBW).

Methods: A repeated measures design was conducted. Twenty LBW infants being fed via indwelling nasogastric tubes were randomly assigned to one of 5 different position orderings.