Mediating Effect of IADL and Depression in the Relationship Between Ability to Perform Movements and Death Preparation in Elderly with Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis.

: This study investigated the mediating effects of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and depression on the relationship between the ability to perform movements and death preparation among older adults with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). : This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea's 5th (2020) survey of the elderly. It included 1483 elderly individuals with OA or RA.

Early White Matter Microstructure Alterations in Infants with Down Syndrome.

Importance: Down syndrome, resulting from trisomy 21, is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder and a leading cause of intellectual disability. Despite its significant impact on brain development, research on the white matter microstructure in infants with Down syndrome remains limited.

Objective: To investigate early white matter microstructure in infants with Down syndrome using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).

Development of a leaf metabolite-based intact sample distinguishing algorithm for the three varieties of Panax Vietnamensis.

Panax vietnamensis, indigenous to Vietnam and southern China, is classified into three subspecies: Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. (PVV), Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus (PVF), and Panax vietnamensis var.

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Detected by Routine Health Screening Had Better Clinical Outcome and Survival.

Background: The benefits of early detection in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are not well established. This study investigates the impact of early detection of MTC on clinical outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 144 patients diagnosed with MTC at Samsung Medical Center between 1995 and 2019, classified as asymptomatic (mostly detected through routine health check-ups, including ultrasonography, calcitonin, or carcinoembryonic antigen levels) and symptomatic.

Death Preparation and Quality of Life amongst Family Caregivers of Terminal Cancer Patients: A Multicentre Cross-sectional Study.

Objectives: Caring for ill cancer patients imposes a considerable burden on families, significantly reducing quality of life (QoL). This study examined the association between death preparation and QoL amongst family caregivers (FCs) of terminally ill patients with cancer in South Korea.

Materials And Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was conducted in nine inpatient palliative care units in South Korea.

Recent Advances in Anti-Aging Therapeutic Strategies Targeting DNA Damage Response and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype-Linked Signaling Cascade.

Aging is considered the contributory accumulation of abruptions occurring through cell signaling cascades, which ultimately cause changes in physical functions, cell fate, and damage across all organ systems. DNA damage response (DDR) also occurs through telomere shortening, tumor formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and so forth. Cellular aging occurs through cell cycle arrest, which is the result of extended DDR cascade signaling networks via MDC1, 53BP1, H2AX, ATM, ARF, P53, P13-Akt, BRAF, Sirtuins, NAD + , and so forth.

Prognostic Impact of Primary Tumor Size in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma without Lymph Node Metastasis.

Background: We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of primary tumor size in patients with pT1-T3a N0 M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), minimizing the impact of confounding factors.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study included 5,759 patients with PTC. Those with lymph node metastasis, gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and aggressive variants were excluded.

Update on Retinoblastoma Predisposition and Surveillance Recommendations for Children.

Hereditary retinoblastoma is a classic cancer predisposition syndrome with risks beginning in early infancy. About 45% of children with retinoblastoma (RB) have hereditary disease. These children are at risk for both intraocular disease as well as additional neoplasms throughout their lifetime.

Erratum: Single-cell RNA transcriptome landscape of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in healthy and NAFLD mouse liver.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.

Delayed central nervous system progression with atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (LU23-15).

Background: The combination of atezolizumab with etoposide and carboplatin (AECb) has become a new standard of care for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). This study evaluates its impact on central nervous system (CNS) progression, specifically brain metastases.

Method: We analyzed the outcomes of 550 ES-SCLC patients who received first-line therapy between 2016 and 2022, focusing on time to intracranial progression (TTicP), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Characterization of Three New Marine Goniomonad Species.

Goniomonads are commonly found heterotrophic biflagellates in both marine and freshwater environments. Despite the high genetic diversity inferred from 18S rDNA data, many goniomonad species remain undescribed. In this study, we established a total of 21 marine goniomonad culture strains, and from these, describe three new species by using 18S rDNA phylogeny, light microscopy, and electron microscopy.

Early cell cycle genes in cortical organoid progenitors predict interindividual variability in infant brain growth trajectories.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cortical organoids (hCOs) model neurogenesis on an individual's genetic background. The degree to which hCO phenotypes recapitulate the brain growth of the participants from which they were derived is not well established. We generated up to 3 iPSC clones from each of 18 participants in the Infant Brain Imaging Study, who have undergone longitudinal brain imaging during infancy.

Aberrant ERK signaling in astrocytes impairs learning and memory in RASopathy-associated BRAF mutant mouse models.

RAS/MAPK pathway mutations often induce RASopathies with overlapping features, such as craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiovascular defects, dermatologic abnormalities, and intellectual disabilities. Although BRAF gene mutations are associated with cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome and Noonan syndrome, it remains unclear how these mutations impair cognition. Here, we investigated the underlying neural mechanisms using several mouse models harboring a gain-of-function BRAF mutation (K499E) discovered in RASopathy patients.

Phytochemical-based therapeutics from traditional eastern medicine: analgesic effects and ion channel modulation.

Pain management remains a major challenge in the healthcare system. While synthetic analgesics are widely used for pain management, their effectiveness in managing chronic pain is often limited due to low efficacy or side effects. Thus, there is growing interest in exploring alternative pain relief methods, particularly using medicinal plants from traditional Eastern medicine and their phytochemicals.

Emergence of population heterogeneity in Klebsiella pneumoniae with a bla-harboring plasmid: carbapenem resistance, virulence, and fitness.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the population heterogeneity on carbapenem susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that acquired a bla-bearing ColE-type plasmid.

Methods: A bla-bearing plasmid was electroporated into two carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae strains.

Knowledge and Use of Emergency Contraception Among Female College Students in Ghana.

Objective: To assess the knowledge and use of emergency contraception (EC) and to identify factors associated with the perceptions of EC use among female college students in Ghana.

Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Setting: Nursing-midwifery and teacher-training colleges in Ghana.

Metastatic Tumor Growth in Steatotic Liver is Promoted by HAS2-Mediated Fibrotic Tumor Microenvironment.

Steatotic liver enhances liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, but this process is not fully understood. Steatotic liver induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) increases cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) infiltration and collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) production. We investigated the role of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) in the fibrotic tumor microenvironment in steatotic liver using Has2ΔHSC mice, in which Has2 is deleted from hepatic stellate cells.

Effect of Ammonium Salt on Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as an Interlayer for Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Memristors.

Memristors are promising candidates for next-generation non-volatile memory devices, offering low power consumption and high-speed switching capabilities. However, conventional metal oxide-based memristors are constrained by fabrication complexity and high costs, limiting their commercial viability. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), known for their facile solution processability and unique ionic-electronic conductivity, provide an attractive alternative.

Association between Antipsychotic Drug and Survival in Patients with Lung Cancer Treated with Chemoradiotherapy: A Nationwide Korean Cohort Study.

Purpose: Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) can be used to relieve psychological symptoms in patients with cancer. We investigated the nationwide use of APDs during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with lung cancer and its association with overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: The National Health Service database was used in this retrospective cohort study.

MDTR: a knowledge-guided interpretable representation for quantifying liver toxicity at transcriptomic level.

Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been investigated at the patient level. Analysis of gene perturbation at the cellular level can help better characterize biological mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. Despite accumulating drug-induced transcriptome data such as LINCS, analyzing such transcriptome data upon drug treatment is a challenging task because the perturbation of expression is dose and time dependent.

Comparison of attention and brain functional connectivity between patient groups with schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have many contradicting features, but both these disorders share inattention as a core symptom. This study explored how the characteristics of inattention differ between the two disorders. 20 patients with schizophrenia, 20 patients with adult ADHD and 20 healthy controls participated in this study.

Longitudinal changes in the transcriptionally active and intact HIV reservoir after starting ART during acute infection.

Even in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, there are heterogeneous populations of HIV-expressing cells exhibiting variable degrees of progression through blocks to HIV transcriptional initiation, elongation, completion, and splicing. These HIV-transcribing cells likely contribute to HIV-associated immune activation and inflammation as well as the viral rebound that occurs after stopping ART. However, it is unclear whether the blocks to HIV transcription are present before ART and how the timing and duration of ART may affect the clearance of cells expressing HIV transcripts that differ in their processivity and/or presence of mutations.