Core outcome sets and benchmarking complications: Defining best practices for standardized outcome reporting in liver transplantation.

The comparison of outcomes in liver transplantation (LT) is hampered by using clinically nonrelevant surrogate endpoints and considerable variability in reported relevant posttransplant outcomes. Such variability stems from nonstandard outcome measures across studies, variable definitions of the same complication, and different timing of reporting. The Clavien-Dindo classification was established to improve the rigor of outcome reporting but is nonspecific to an intervention, and there are unsolved dilemmas specifically related to LT.

Structure and assembly process of skin fungal communities among bat species in northern China.

Background: The skin fungal communities of animals play a crucial role in maintaining host health and defending against pathogens. Because fungal infections can affect the skin microbiota of bats, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of healthy bat skin fungal communities and the ecological processes driving them provides valuable insights into the interactions between pathogens and fungi.

Methods: We used Kruskal-Wallis tests and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) to clarify differences in skin fungal community structure among bat species.

Pairing Oxygen Reduction and Water Oxidation for Dual-Pathway HO Production.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a crucial chemical applied in various industry sectors. However, the current industrial anthraquinone process for HO synthesis is carbon-intensive. With sunlight and renewable electricity as energy inputs, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis have great potential for green HO production from oxygen (O) and water (HO).

Single-shot multi-b-value (SSMb) diffusion-weighted MRI using spin echo and stimulated echoes with variable flip angles.

Conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences employing a spin echo or stimulated echo sensitize diffusion with a specific b-value at a fixed diffusion direction and diffusion time (Δ). To compute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and other diffusion parameters, the sequence needs to be repeated multiple times by varying the b-value and/or gradient direction. In this study, we developed a single-shot multi-b-value (SSMb) diffusion MRI technique, which combines a spin echo and a train of stimulated echoes produced with variable flip angles.

Emissions of gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) from diesel trucks: Insights from real-driving emission experiments.

Nitrous acid (HONO) serves as a substantial contributor in the atmospheric chemistry of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Despite its significance, the primary sources of atmospheric HONO, particularly diesel truck emissions, have not been thoroughly examined. This study investigated the factors influencing HONO emissions via on-road exhaust emission tests using a self-developed portable measurement system.

Reprograming immunosuppressive microenvironment by eIF4G1 targeting to eradicate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Current therapies against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have limited clinical benefits owing to tumor heterogeneity and their unique immunosuppressive microenvironments. The eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F complex is involved in regulating translation and various downstream carcinogenic signaling pathways. We report that eIF4G1, one of the subunits of eIF4F, is overexpressed in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, and this correlates with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC.

Application of covered stent implantation combined with radical tumor resection in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma involving the carotid artery: a comparative study with historical literature.

Background: Studies have shown that carotid artery reconstruction results in the best overall survival (OS) in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma involving the Carotid Artery (AHNSCC-CA).

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of covered stent implantation combined with radical tumor resection and to compare and analyze the historical literature on conventional carotid artery resection and reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: A total of 68 patients with AHNSCC-CA were included in this study.

KDF1 promotes ameloblast differentiation by inhibiting the IKK/IκB/NF-κB axis.

Enamel protects teeth from external irritation and its formation involves sequential differentiation of ameloblasts, a dental epithelial cell. Keratinocyte differentiation factor 1 (KDF1) is important in the development of epithelial tissues and organs. However, the specific role of KDF1 in enamel formation and corresponding regulatory mechanisms are unclear.

Neighborhood-Level Nitrogen Dioxide Inequalities Contribute to Surface Ozone Variability in Houston, Texas.

In Houston, Texas, nitrogen dioxide (NO) air pollution disproportionately affects Black, Latinx, and Asian communities, and high ozone (O) days are frequent. There is limited knowledge of how NO inequalities vary in urban air quality contexts, in part from the lack of time-varying neighborhood-level NO measurements. First, we demonstrate that daily TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) NO tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCDs) resolve a major portion of census tract-scale NO inequalities in Houston, comparing NO inequalities based on TROPOMI TVCDs and spatiotemporally coincident airborne remote sensing (250 m × 560 m) from the NASA TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment-Air Quality (TRACER-AQ).

Transcriptomic profiling reveals the complex interaction between a bipartite begomovirus and a cucurbitaceous host plant.

Background: Begomoviruses are major constraint in the production of many crops. Upon infection, begomoviruses may substantially modulate plant biological processes. While how monopartite begomoviruses interact with their plant hosts has been investigated extensively, bipartite begomoviruses-plant interactions are understudied.

promotes glioma growth and temozolomide chemoresistance.

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Comparing psychometric characteristics of a computerized cognitive test (BrainCheck Assess) against the Montreal cognitive assessment.

Introduction: Previous validation studies demonstrated that BrainCheck Assess (BC-Assess), a computerized cognitive test battery, can reliably and sensitively distinguish individuals with different levels of cognitive impairment (i.e., normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia).

The dual role of glucocorticoid regeneration in inflammation at parturition.

Introduction: Fetal membrane inflammation is an integral event of parturition. However, excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines can impose threats to the fetus. Coincidentally, the fetal membranes express abundant 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), which generates biologically active cortisol to promote labor through induction of prostaglandin synthesis.

Ampere-Level Hydrogen Generation via 1000 H Stable Seawater Electrolysis Catalyzed by Pt-Cluster-Loaded NiFeCo Phosphide.

Seawater electrolysis can generate carbon-neutral hydrogen but its efficiency is hindered by the low mass activity and poor stability of commercial catalysts at industrial current densities. Herein, Pt nanoclusters are loaded on nickel-iron-cobalt phosphide nanosheets, with the obtained Pt@NiFeCo-P electrocatalyst exhibiting excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and stability in alkaline seawater at ampere-level current densities. The catalyst delivers an ultralow HER overpotential of 19.

Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don Alleviates Inflammatory Progression and Suppresses M1 Polarization of Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and largely irreversible disease. Current therapeutic approaches for COPD are limited in terms of slowing disease progression and suppressing pulmonary inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to identify a method for alleviating inflammation in COPD.

Observation of Hot Carrier Localization Affected by A Cations in Hybrid Perovskites.

Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (OLHPs) have demonstrated exceptional properties in high-performance photoelectric devices. However, the impact of A-site cations, specifically formamidinium and methylammonium (MA), on the optoelectronic properties of OLHPs, particularly in the context of hot carrier utilization, remains a topic of debate. In this study, we propose a method for characterizing hot carrier transportation by measuring the hot carrier mobility and momentum-dependent transient photocurrent influenced by A-site cations in OLHPs.

Series of Fluorescent Dyes Derived from Triphenylamine Structure for Cu and In-Cell Carbon Monoxide Sensing: Synthesis and Performance.

In this paper, triphenylamine served as the structural core and was bonded to aromatic groups having various substituents [-OH, -OMe, or -N(Et)] by a =N-N= chain and then connected with aromatic groups having various substituents [-OH, -OMe, or -N(Et)]. The geometric and electronic properties of these probes were examined. It was found that the presence of electron donors enhanced the selectivity and emission quantum yield (QY).

Cancer survival statistics in China 2019-2021: a multicenter, population-based study.

Background: A milestone goal of the Healthy China Program (2019-2030) is to achieve 5-year cancer survival at 43.3% for all cancers combined by 2022. To assess the progress towards this target, we analyzed the updated survival for all cancers combined and 25 specific cancer types in China from 2019 to 2021.

The role of mitochondrial autophagy in osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of OA remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial autophagy and OA by identifying key regulatory genes and their biological functions. Utilizing bioinformatics analyses of RNA expression profiles from the GSE55235 dataset, we identified 2,136 differentially expressed genes, leading to the discovery of hub genes associated with mitochondrial autophagy and OA.

Decoding the microbiome for sustainable agriculture.

Root-associated microbiota profoundly affect crop health and productivity. Plants can selectively recruit beneficial microbes from the soil and actively balance microbe-triggered plant-growth promotion and stress tolerance enhancement. The cost associated with this is the root-mediated support of a certain number of specific microbes under nutrient limitation.