[Ultra-remote robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for varicocele through 5G network: Report of two cases and review of the literature].

Objective: At present, the longest network transmission distance (NTD) for 5G remote endoscopic surgery is reportedly only about 229 km, and the NTD longer than 5 000 km has not yet been reported in clinical application. In this study, we attempted the clinical application of 5G ultra-remote robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in spermatic vein ligation.

Methods: This retrospective study included two cases of 5G ultra-remote robot-assisted laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation using the home-made Tumai Surgical Robot System.

[Treatment of proximal humeral fractures with proximal humeral locking system plate via an intertubercular sulcus approach].

Objective: To observe the effect of proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS) plate in the treatment of Neer 2 and 3 part fractures of proximal humerus through tuberosity approach.

Methods: From July 2015 to January 2018, 15 cases of proximal humerus Neer 2 and 3 fractures were treated with PHILOS plate through intertubercular sulcus approach. There were 7 males and 8 females.

VO₂ Thermochromic Films on Quartz Glass Substrate Grown by RF-Plasma-Assisted Oxide Molecular Beam Epitaxy.

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) thermochromic thin films with various thicknesses were grown on quartz glass substrates by radio frequency (RF)-plasma assisted oxide molecular beam epitaxy (O-MBE). The crystal structure, morphology and chemical stoichiometry were investigated systemically by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. An excellent reversible metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) characteristics accompanied by an abrupt change in both electrical resistivity and optical infrared (IR) transmittance was observed from the optimized sample.

Nuclear remodelling and the developmental potential of nuclear transferred porcine oocytes under delayed-activated conditions.

It is still unclear whether nuclear envelope breakdown and premature chromosome condensation are essential for the reprogramming of the donor nucleus following somatic nuclear transfer. To address this, we determined the ability of delayed-activated or simultaneously activated porcine oocytes to undergo nuclear remodelling and development following somatic cell nuclear transfer. A small microtubule aster was observed in association with decondensed chromatin following nuclear transfer, suggesting the introduction of a somatic cell centrosome.