Optically tunable catalytic cancer therapy using enzyme-like chiral plasmonic nanoparticles.

Cascade enzymatic reactions in living organisms are fundamental reaction mechanisms in coordinating various complex biochemical processes such as metabolism, signal transduction, and gene regulation. Many studies have attempted to mimic cascade reactions using nanoparticles with enzyme-like activity; however, precisely tuning each reaction within complex networks to enhance the catalytic activity remains challenging. Here, we present enzyme-like chiral plasmonic nanoparticles for optically tunable catalytic cancer therapy.

Early White Matter Microstructure Alterations in Infants with Down Syndrome.

Importance: Down syndrome, resulting from trisomy 21, is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder and a leading cause of intellectual disability. Despite its significant impact on brain development, research on the white matter microstructure in infants with Down syndrome remains limited.

Objective: To investigate early white matter microstructure in infants with Down syndrome using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).

Death Preparation and Quality of Life amongst Family Caregivers of Terminal Cancer Patients: A Multicentre Cross-sectional Study.

Objectives: Caring for ill cancer patients imposes a considerable burden on families, significantly reducing quality of life (QoL). This study examined the association between death preparation and QoL amongst family caregivers (FCs) of terminally ill patients with cancer in South Korea.

Materials And Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was conducted in nine inpatient palliative care units in South Korea.

Early cell cycle genes in cortical organoid progenitors predict interindividual variability in infant brain growth trajectories.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cortical organoids (hCOs) model neurogenesis on an individual's genetic background. The degree to which hCO phenotypes recapitulate the brain growth of the participants from which they were derived is not well established. We generated up to 3 iPSC clones from each of 18 participants in the Infant Brain Imaging Study, who have undergone longitudinal brain imaging during infancy.

Socioecological factors influencing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among adolescents in South Korea: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study explored the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and school factors, following the socioecological model, associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Korean high-school students.

Methods: A total of 231 students from first to third grade, aged 15-18 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors.

Patient Acceptance of Death and Symptom Control/Quality of Care Among Terminal Cancer Patients Under Inpatient Hospice Care: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Patient attitude to death is associated with outcomes in hospice care settings. This Korean study investigated the association between terminal cancer patient death acceptance and symptom control and quality of care (QoC) as perceived by family caregivers (FCs).

Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted in nine inpatient hospice care units, and the data of 108 dyads (terminal cancer patients who responded to the revised Death Attitude Profile and their primary FCs) were analyzed.

Preexisting hemodialysis and survival outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: Ulsan, South Korea.

Background: Although the incidence of sudden cardiac death is higher in hemodialysis (HD) patients, whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival outcomes are poorer in this group remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of HD on survival outcomes among adult nontraumatic OHCA patients and to compare these outcomes between HD and non-HD groups.

Methods: This observational cohort study retrospectively analyzed data from adult nontraumatic OHCA patients in Ulsan, South Korea, from January 2017 through December 2022.

Electrochemically Driven Selective Olefin Epoxidation by Cobalt-TAML Catalyst.

Epoxides are versatile chemical intermediates that are used in the manufacture of diversified industrial products. For decades, thermochemical conversion has long been employed as the primary synthetic route. However, it has several drawbacks, such as harsh and explosive operating conditions, as well as a significant greenhouse gas emissions problem.

A preliminary study of linear accelerator-based spatially fractionated radiotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide quantitative information for implementing Lattice radiotherapy (LRT) using a medical linear accelerator equipped with the Millennium 120 multi-leaf collimator (MLC). The research systematically evaluated the impact of varying vertex diameters and separations on dose distribution, peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR), and normal tissue dose.

Methods: A cylindrical Virtual Water™ phantom was used to create LRT treatments using the Eclipse version 16.

Evaluation of Prediction Models for the Capping and Breaking Force of Tablets Using Machine Learning Tools in Wet Granulation Commercial-Scale Pharmaceutical Manufacturing.

: This study aimed to establish a predictive model for critical quality attributes (CQAs) related to tablet integrity, including tablet breaking force (TBF), friability, and capping occurrence, using machine learning-based models and nondestructive experimental data. : The machine learning-based models were trained on data to predict the CQAs of metformin HCl (MF)-containing tablets using a commercial-scale wet granulation process, and five models were each compared for regression and classification. We identified eight input variables associated with the process and material parameters that control the tableting outcome using feature importance analysis.

Drug repositioning of mesalamine via supramolecular nanoassembly for the treatment of drug-induced acute liver failure.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by rapid hepatic dysfunction, primarily caused by drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Due to the lack of satisfactory treatment options, ALF remains a fatal clinical disease, representing a grand challenge in global health. For the drug repositioning to ALF of mesalamine, which is clinically approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we propose a supramolecular prodrug nanoassembly (SPNs).

Optimal Population Screening Strategies for Liver Fibrosis Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an important public health threat, potentially leading to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. Current guidelines recommend using the Fibrosis-4 score for initial identification of subjects at risk of future complications. We formulate a novel population screening strategy based on the Steatosis-Associated Fibrosis Estimator (SAFE) score, recently developed for MASLD risk stratification in primary care.

Brain volumes, cognitive, and adaptive skills in school-age children with Down syndrome.

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common congenital neurodevelopmental disorder, present in about 1 in every 700 live births. Despite its prevalence, literature exploring the neurobiology underlying DS and how this neurobiology is related to behavior is limited. This study fills this gap by examining cortical volumes and behavioral correlates in school-age children with DS.

Functional Analysis of KPvRxLR27, a Novel Plasmopara viticola Effector from a Korean Isolate, and Its Role in Hypersensitive Response.

Plasmopara viticola causes grape downy mildew, one of the most notorious diseases of cultivated grapes that damage vineyards worldwide. The pathogen secretes various effector molecules to infect and modulate the host biological processes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the roles of KPvRxLR27, an arginine-any amino acid-leucine-arginine (RxLR) effector isolated from P.

Two Cases of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Repair Surgery Using TachoComb.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a rare condition characterized by the leakage of CSF through the nose. The diagnosis is established through comprehensive history taking, brain imaging, and nasal endoscopy. Surgical intervention is considered a secondary option for CSF leakage when conservative treatments, including behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, or lumbar puncture, fail to elicit a response.

Does Desmopressin Reduce Intraoperative Bleeding in Patients Who Undergo Nasal Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of prophylactic desmopressin administered via the intranasal or intravenous route in reducing intraoperative bleeding during nasal surgery. We conducted a meta-analysis of the relevant literature to investigate the role of preoperative desmopressin in minimizing bleeding complications associated with nasal surgery.

Methods: We screened the relevant literature published before February 2023.

Identification of RxLR Effector Genes Genome Sequencing.

is a significant phytopathogen causing downy mildew disease in cucurbit crops. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between and its host is essential for developing effective disease management strategies. RxLR effectors, secreted by pathogens, play a crucial role in modulating host immunity.

Consensus Report on the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes.

This report represents the conclusions of 15 experts in nephrology and endocrinology, based on their knowledge of key studies and evidence in the field, on the role of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those receiving dialysis. The experts discussed issues related to CGM accuracy, indications, education, clinical outcomes, quality of life, research gaps, and barriers to dissemination. Three main goals of management for patients with CKD and diabetes were identified: (1) greater use of CGMs for better glycemic monitoring and management, (2) further research evaluating the accuracy, feasibility, outcomes, and potential value of CGMs in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis, and (3) equitable access to CGM technology for patients with CKD.

Impact of an emergency department closure on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival and emergency medical service system in Ulsan, South Korea.

Introduction: This study evaluated the impact of an emergency department (ED) closure on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes and the emergency medical service system in Ulsan, South Korea.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study from March 2017 to February 2021 and compared survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcomes. We investigated transport time intervals (TTIs) in the total study population and subgroup covered by the closed ED.

Validation of Modified Objective Prognostic Score in Patients with Advanced Cancer in Taiwan.

Background: Modified versions of the Objective Prognostic Score (mOPS) needs to be validated to reflect practical palliative care circumstances in Taiwan.

Objectives: We compared the abilities of an mOPS score of 1.5 or higher versus a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score of 30 or lower to predict 2-week mortality in patients with advanced cancer in Taiwan.

Targeting miR-21 to Overcome P-glycoprotein Drug Efflux in Doxorubicin-Resistant 4T1 Breast Cancer.

Acquired resistance to chemotherapy is a major challenge in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Despite accumulated evidence showing microRNA-21 (miR-21) as a vital regulator of tumor progression, the role of miR-21 in modulating the multidrug resistance of TNBC remains obscure. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-21 affects chemoresistance in 4T1 TNBC cells in response to doxorubicin (DOX) by regulating the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux pump.

Capsicum annuum NAC4 (CaNAC4) Is a Transcription Factor with Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to DNA. The NAC gene family in plants consists of crucial TFs that influence plant development and stress responses. The whole genome of Capsicum annuum shows over 100 NAC genes (CaNAC).

Cestrum tomentosum L.f. Extracts against Colletotrichum scovillei by Altering Cell Membrane Permeability and Inducing ROS Accumulation.

Chili pepper anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a significant biotic stress affecting chili fruits globally. While fungicide application is commonly used for disease management due to its efficiency and costeffectiveness, excessive use poses risks to human health and the environment.