Pseudomonas aeruginosa N-3-Oxododecanoyl Homoserine Lactone Disrupts Endothelial Integrity by Activating the Angiopoietin-Tie System.

The activation of the angiopoietin (Angpt)-Tie system is linked to endothelial dysfunction during sepsis. Bacterial quorum-sensing molecules function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, their impact on the endothelium and the Angpt-Tie system remains unclear.

De-Biased Disentanglement Learning for Pulmonary Embolism Survival Prediction on Multimodal Data.

Health disparities among marginalized populations with lower socioeconomic status significantly impact the fairness and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare presents an opportunity to address these inequalities, provided that AI models are free from bias. This paper aims to address the bias challenges by population disparities within healthcare systems, existing in the presentation of and development of algorithms, leading to inequitable medical implementation for conditions such as pulmonary embolism (PE) prognosis.

Rapid quantitative PCR equipment using photothermal conversion of Au nanoshell.

The emergence of infectious diseases worldwide necessitates rapid and precise diagnostics. Using gold nanoshells in the PCR mix, we harnessed their unique photothermal properties in the near-infrared regime to attain efficient heating, reaching ideal photothermal PCR cycle temperature profile. Our photothermal PCR method expedited DNA amplification while retaining its detection sensitivity.

The Application of Large Language Models for Radiologic Decision Making.

Background And Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) have seen explosive growth, but their potential role in medical applications remains underexplored. Our study investigates the capability of LLMs to predict the most appropriate imaging study for specific clinical presentations in various subspecialty areas in radiology.

Methods And Materials: Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), by OpenAI and Glass AI by Glass Health were tested on 1,075 clinical scenarios from 11 ACR expert panels to determine the most appropriate imaging study, benchmarked against the ACR Appropriateness Criteria.

Diversity in interventional radiology: Survey of medical student interest with focus on women and members of underrepresented in medicine racial and ethnic groups.

Purpose: To assess: 1) the percentage of female and underrepresented in medicine (URiM) medical students interested in interventional radiology (IR), and 2) the motivations for and deterrents from IR for female and URiM students.

Methods: The study was IRB exempt. Data from a 19-item survey sent to 5 US medical schools were collected from 10/2018-01/2019 using REDCap and analyzed with SAS GLIMMIX.

Adding non-contrast and delayed phases increases the diagnostic performance of arterial CTA for suspected active lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Objectives: When assessing for lower gastrointestinal bleed (LGIB) using CTA, many advocate for acquiring non-contrast and delayed phases in addition to an arterial phase to improve diagnostic performance though the potential benefit of this approach has not been fully characterized. We evaluate diagnostic accuracy among radiologists when using single-phase, biphasic, and triphasic CTA in active LGIB detection.

Method And Materials: A random experimental block design was used where 3 blinded radiologists specialty trained in interventional radiology retrospectively interpreted 96 CTA examinations completed between Oct 2012 and Oct 2017 using (1) arterial only, (2) arterial/non-contrast, and (3) arterial/non-contrast/delayed phase configurations.

N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone exacerbates endothelial cell death by inducing receptor-interacting protein kinase 1-dependent apoptosis.

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the initiation of sepsis-associated organ failure. Bacterial quorum-sensing molecules act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns; however, the effects of quorum-sensing molecules on endothelial cells remain less understood. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of quorum-sensing molecule-induced cell death and their interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Considerations in Specialty Selections: What Medical Students Think, Know, and Think They Know about Interventional Radiology.

Purpose: To compare the motivation, deterrents, knowledge, exposure, and other specialty considerations of first- to fourth-year medical students interested in interventional radiology (IR) with those who are not.

Materials And Methods: Matriculants of 5 medical schools varying by region, public/private, class size, and National Institutes of Health research ranking received a 19-question survey with questions about demographics, specialty interests, motivations/deterrents, knowledge, and exposure to IR.

Results: A total of 25.

Preoperative prediction of the stage, size, grade, and necrosis score in clear cell renal cell carcinoma using MRI-based radiomics.

Purpose: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Currently, there is a lack of noninvasive methods to stratify ccRCC prognosis prior to any invasive therapies. The purpose of this study was to preoperatively predict the tumor stage, size, grade, and necrosis (SSIGN) score of ccRCC using MRI-based radiomics.

Delta-like Factor 1 as a Possible Therapeutic Target for Sarcomas.

Backgroud: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cells characterized by their self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. The purpose of this study was to discover the role of the delta-like factor 1 (DLK1) in sarcoma.

Methods: mRNA expression of DLK1 from 13 sarcoma cell lines was examined.

Machine Learning Offers Exciting Potential for Predicting Postprocedural Outcomes: A Framework for Developing Random Forest Models in IR.

Purpose: To demonstrate that random forest models trained on a large national sample can accurately predict relevant outcomes and may ultimately contribute to future clinical decision support tools in IR.

Materials And Methods: Patient data from years 2012-2014 of the National Inpatient Sample were used to develop random forest machine learning models to predict iatrogenic pneumothorax after computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy (TTB), in-hospital mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and length of stay > 3 days after uterine artery embolization (UAE). Model performance was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and maximum F1 score.

Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis results in fewer procedures than hemodialysis.

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an underutilized modality for hospitalized patients with an urgent need to start renal replacement therapy in the USA. Most patients begin hemodialysis (HD) with a tunneled central venous catheter (CVC).

Methods: We examined the long-term burden of dialysis modality-related access procedures with urgent-start PD and urgent-start HD in a retrospective cohort of 73 adults.

Evaluation of Integrated Interventional Radiology Residency Websites.

Rationale And Objectives: In the transition to the integrated interventional radiology residency model, residency websites are important resources of program information for prospective applicants. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the availability and comprehensiveness of integrated interventional radiology residency websites.

Materials And Methods: A complete list of programs participating in the 2018 integrated interventional radiology match was collected using the online Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database and Electronic Residency Application Service.

Image-Guided Cholecystostomy Tube Placement: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Transhepatic Versus Transperitoneal Placement.

Objective: Image-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy may be performed by a transhepatic or transperitoneal approach. We compared the short- and long-term outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy related to route of catheter placement.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective observational study of image-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed from 2004 to 2016.

Distinct genomic profile and specific targeted drug responses in adult cerebellar glioblastoma.

Background: Despite extensive efforts on the genomic characterization of gliomas, very few studies have reported the genetic alterations of cerebellar glioblastoma (C-GBM), a rare and lethal disease. Here, we provide a systematic study of C-GBM to better understand its specific genomic features.

Methods: We collected a cohort of C-GBM patients and compared patient demographics and tumor pathologies with supratentorial glioblastoma (S-GBM).

Candidate genes on murine chromosome 8 are associated with susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice and are involved with Staphylococcus aureus septicemia in humans.

We previously showed that chromosome 8 of A/J mice was associated with susceptibility to S. aureus infection. However, the specific genes responsible for this susceptibility are unknown.

Vascular closure devices in stroke patients receiving tissue plasminogen activator: A retrospective analysis from an academic tertiary medical center and a teaching community hospital stroke database.

Objectives: To determine the safety and effectiveness of vascular closure devices in prevention of access site complications in acute stroke patient receiving intravenous (IV) and/or intra-arterial (IA) IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

Patients And Methods: All patients with acute stroke onset treated with IV and/or IA tPA closed with vascular closure device and adult age (>18 years) were identified from an academic tertiary medical center and a teaching community hospital stroke database for 9 years (from March 2005 to June 2014).

Results: A total of 69 patients were included in the study.

The role of STAT3 in glioblastoma progression through dual influences on tumor cells and the immune microenvironment.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of cancer that begins within the brain; generally, the patient has a dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a critical mediator of tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and suppression of anti-tumor immunity in GBM. In a high percentage of GBM cells and tumor microenvironments, persistent activation of STAT3 induces cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, glioma stem cell maintenance, tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion.

Modification of cysteine 457 in plakoglobin modulates the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells by altering binding to E-cadherin/catenins.

Objectives: In tissue samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), oxidation of C420 and C457 of plakoglobin (Pg) within tumor tissue was identified by proteomic analysis. The aim of this study was to identify the roles of Pg C420 and C457.

Methods: Human CRC tissues, CRC and breast cancer cells, and normal mouse colon were prepared to validate Pg oxidation.

Differential Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP) Expression Profiles Found in Aged Gingiva.

The periodontium undergoes age-related cellular and clinical changes, but the involved genes are not yet known. Here, we investigated age-related genetic changes in gingiva at the transcriptomic level. Genes that were differentially expressed between young and old human gingiva were identified by RNA sequencing and verified by real-time PCR.

Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Temporal Factors Associated With Positive Findings on Catheter Angiography After (99m)Tc-Labeled RBC Scanning.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine if time to positive (TTP), defined as the time from the start of (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scanning to the appearance of a radionuclide blush (considered to be a positive finding for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding [LGIB]), and lag time (LT), defined as the time from the appearance of a radionuclide blush to the start of catheter angiography (CA), affected the yield of CA for the detection of acute LGIB.

Materials And Methods: TTP and LT were retrospectively evaluated in 120 patients who had positive findings for acute LGIB on (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scanning and subsequently underwent CA for the diagnosis and localization of gastrointestinal bleeding. Two nuclear medicine fellowship-trained radiologists independently reviewed the (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scans.