Brain aging and rejuvenation at single-cell resolution.

Brain aging leads to a decline in cognitive function and a concomitant increase in the susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. A key question is how changes within individual cells of the brain give rise to age-related dysfunction. Developments in single-cell "omics" technologies, such as single-cell transcriptomics, have facilitated high-dimensional profiling of individual cells.

Microvascular dysfunction, mitochondrial reprogramming, and inflammasome activation as critical regulators of ischemic stroke severity induced by chronic exposure to prescription opioids.

The opioid epidemic endangers not only public health but also social and economic welfare. Growing clinical evidence indicates that chronic use of prescription opioids may contribute to an elevated risk of ischemic stroke and negatively impact post-stroke recovery. In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been related to several cerebrovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke.

Balancing economic growth and environmental conservation through the optimization of rail transit routes for sustainable development.

Drawing from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this study offers a framework for optimizing rail transit routes, balancing economic benefits with environmental preservation. Using the Bivariate Choropleth-Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (BC-MCDA) model, we categorize global regions into economic benefit, environmental conservation, high-conflict, and low-conflict zones. Specifically, 7.

Abnormalities in rich-club connections are associated with an exacerbation of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous disorder that is often associated with widespread structural brain abnormalities. However, the causes of interindividual differences in genetic susceptibility remain largely unknown. This study attempted to address this important issue by utilizing a prospective study in which unaffected first-degree relatives of SZ (FH+) were recruited.

The Malectin-like kinase gene MdMDS1 negatively regulates the resistance of Pyrus betulifolia to Valsa canker by promoting the expression of PbePME1.

Valsa canker, caused by fungal pathogens in Valsa species, is a fungal disease of apple and pear growing in China and even in Asia. Malectin-like kinases play crucial roles in plant recognition of the pathogen-induced signals and subsequent activation of partially host immune responses. However, the role of MEDOS1 (MDS1), a Malectin-like kinase, in plant immunity has not yet been extensively explored.

Dual Infrared 2-Photon Microscopy Achieves Minimal Background Deep Tissue Imaging in Brain and Plant Tissues.

Traditional deep fluorescence imaging has primarily focused on red-shifting imaging wavelengths into the near-infrared (NIR) windows or implementation of multi-photon excitation approaches. Here, we combine the advantages of NIR and multiphoton imaging by developing a dual-infrared two-photon microscope to enable high-resolution deep imaging in biological tissues. We first computationally identify that photon absorption, as opposed to scattering, is the primary contributor to signal attenuation.

Comparative transcriptome analysis in two contrasting genotypes for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in sunflower.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a necrotrophic fungus causes the devastating diseases in many important oilseed crops worldwide. The preferred strategy for controlling S. sclerotiorum is to develop resistant varieties, but the molecular mechanisms underlying S.

Spatial transcriptomic clocks reveal cell proximity effects in brain ageing.

Old age is associated with a decline in cognitive function and an increase in neurodegenerative disease risk. Brain ageing is complex and is accompanied by many cellular changes. Furthermore, the influence that aged cells have on neighbouring cells and how this contributes to tissue decline is unknown.

Engineered extrachromosomal oncogene amplifications promote tumorigenesis.

Focal gene amplifications are among the most common cancer-associated mutations but have proven challenging to engineer in primary cells and model organisms. Here we describe a general strategy to engineer large (more than 1 Mbp) focal amplifications mediated by extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) in a spatiotemporally controlled manner in cells and in mice. By coupling ecDNA formation with expression of selectable markers, we track the dynamics of ecDNA-containing cells under physiological conditions and in the presence of specific selective pressures.

Biomaterial Promotes Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Health Diagnostics and Clinical Application.

With the growing demand for personalized healthcare services, biomaterial-based triboelectric nanogenerators (BM-TENGs) have gained widespread attention due to their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This review systematically examines the working principles, material choices, biomimetic designs, and clinical application scenarios of BM-TENGs, with a focus on the use of natural biomaterials, biocomposites, hydrogels, and other materials in health diagnostics. Biomaterials show significant potential in enhancing TENG performance, improving device flexibility, and expanding application ranges, especially in early disease detection, health monitoring, and self-powered sensing devices.

Examination of homozygosity runs and selection signatures in native goat breeds of Henan, China.

Understanding the genomic characteristics of livestock is crucial for improving breeding efficiency and conservation efforts. However, there is a relative lack of information on the genetic makeup of local goat breeds in Henan, China. In this study, we identified runs of homozygosity (ROH), genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH), and selection signatures in four breeds including Funiu White (FNW), Huai (HG), Lushan Bullleg (LS), and Taihang black (THB).

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Failure-to-Rescue After Postoperative Sepsis After Noncardiac Surgery.

Background: Sepsis disproportionately affects marginalized communities. This study aims to evaluate racial and ethnic disparities in failure-to-rescue (FTR) after postoperative sepsis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for patients who underwent inpatient noncardiac surgery between 2018 and 2021.

Elucidating the mechanistic synergy of fluorine and oxygen doping in boosting platinum-based catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are recognized as promising next-generation energy sources for automotive applications. The development of efficient, durable, and low-cost electrocatalysts to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics is crucial. Herein, we report the synthesis of Pt@C/F-COOH catalysts via the pyrolysis and HNO oxidation of the carbon support, followed by the growth of Pt nanoparticles through reduction.

A proteome-wide quantitative platform for nanoscale spatially resolved extraction of membrane proteins into native nanodiscs.

The native membrane environment profoundly influences every aspect of membrane protein (MP) biology. Despite this, the most prevalent method of studying MPs uses detergents to disrupt and remove this vital membrane context, impeding our ability to decipher the local molecular context and its effect. Here we develop a membrane proteome-wide platform that enables rapid spatially resolved extraction of target MPs directly from cellular membranes into native nanodiscs that maintain the local membrane context, using a library of membrane-active polymers.

Interaction of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) with distinct enhancers in the mouse cortex.

Mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) cause Rett syndrome. MeCP2 is thought to regulate gene transcription by binding to methylated DNA broadly across the genome. Here, using cleavage under target and release under nuclease (CUT&RUN) assays in the adult mouse cortex, we show that MeCP2 strongly binds to specific gene enhancers that we call MeCP2-binding hotspots (MBHs).

Decreased lipidated ApoE-receptor interactions confer protection against pathogenicity of ApoE and its lipid cargoes in lysosomes.

While apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic modifier for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the molecular mechanisms underlying isoform-dependent risk and the relevance of ApoE-associated lipids remain elusive. Here, we report that impaired low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) binding of lipidated ApoE2 (lipApoE2) avoids LDLR recycling defects observed with lipApoE3/E4 and decreases the uptake of cholesteryl esters (CEs), which are lipids linked to neurodegeneration. In human neurons, the addition of ApoE carrying polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-CE revealed an allelic series (ApoE4 > ApoE3 > ApoE2) associated with lipofuscinosis, an age-related lysosomal pathology resulting from lipid peroxidation.

as a Prognostic Biomarker: Linking Copy Number Variation to EMT and Survival in Colon Cancer.

The role of biomarkers in cancer treatment varies significantly depending on the cancer stage. Thus, in clinical practice, tailoring biomarkers to meet the specific needs and challenges of each cancer stage can increase the precision of treatment. Because they reflect underlying genetic alterations that influence cancer progression, copy number variation (CNV) biomarkers can play crucial prognostic roles.

[ Genotyping Characteristics of RhD-Negative Blood Donors in Wuhu Area].

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism and distribution characteristics of RhD negative phenotypes in Han population of blood donors in Wuhu city.

Methods: A total of 210 RhD samples from August 2021 to August 2022 were screened by serological test and collected from Wuhu Central Blood Station for the voluntary blood donor population. Exons 1 and 10 of the gene were amplificated by PCR to determine whether the samples had the gene.

Tumor Immune Microenvironment Biomarkers for Recurrence Prediction in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy.

Background/objectives: The tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a significant prognostic factor. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors by combining clinicopathologic parameters and the TME biomarkers in patients who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods: CD8 T cells, CXCR3, CXCL10, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were analyzed via immunohistochemical staining.

CRISPR-Cas9 screens reveal regulators of ageing in neural stem cells.

Ageing impairs the ability of neural stem cells (NSCs) to transition from quiescence to proliferation in the adult mammalian brain. Functional decline of NSCs results in the decreased production of new neurons and defective regeneration following injury during ageing. Several genetic interventions have been found to ameliorate old brain function, but systematic functional testing of genes in old NSCs-and more generally in old cells-has not been done.

Establishment and Application of a Triplex Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Differentiation of PEDV, TGEV and PKV.

The pathogens responsible for porcine viral diarrhea are diverse, causing significant economic losses to the pig industry. PEDV and TGEV are well-known pathogens causing diarrheal diseases in pigs, leading to significant economic losses in the breeding industry. In contrast, the newly identified diarrhea virus, PKV, has not garnered as much attention.

Motor Fault Diagnosis Based on Convolutional Block Attention Module-Xception Lightweight Neural Network.

Electric motors play a crucial role in self-driving vehicles. Therefore, fault diagnosis in motors is important for ensuring the safety and reliability of vehicles. In order to improve fault detection performance, this paper proposes a motor fault diagnosis method based on vibration signals.