Changing Water-Sanitation Determinants of Cholera over Two Decades in Bangladesh.

Cholera is a leading global public health threat, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the changing determinants of cholera related to water-sanitation practices between 1994-1998 and 2014-2018 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data of all cause diarrhea cases were extracted from the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, and analysis was performed among three groups: Vibrio cholerae detected as sole pathogen, V.

Trend and risk factors of fatal pregnancy termination: A long-term nationwide population-based cross-section survey in Bangladesh.

Background: Pregnant women often experience the fatal outcome of their pregnancy both in developed and impoverished countries. Due to strong health systems and services, factual and historical data are available from developed countries. However, the prevalence trend and risk factors of a fatal termination of pregnancy in developing countries like Bangladesh are still lacking.

Chronic Kidney Disease Awareness Campaign and Mobile Health Education to Improve Knowledge, Quality of Life, and Motivation for a Healthy Lifestyle Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in Bangladesh: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to major health consequences and a poor quality of life. Despite the fact that CKD is becoming more prevalent, public knowledge of the disease remains low.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of a health education intervention designed to enhance knowledge, health-related quality of life (QOL), and motivation about healthy lifestyle among adults with CKD.

Effect of short-term educational intervention on complementary feeding index among infants in rural Bangladesh: a randomized control trial.

Background: Timely, adequate and appropriate Complementary Feeding (CF) is essential for the growth and cognitive development of infants, but until today, evidence-based information is scarce in terms of impact evaluation of CF index (CFI). The study aimed to examine the effect of the short-term intervention of promoting CF practices on the nutritional status of infants in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: An educational-intervention study followed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design (NCT03024710).

Infection Is Associated with Low Birth Weight: Findings from an Observational Study among Rural Bangladeshi Women.

Gestational () infection may cause substantial adverse effects on developing fetuses, newborns and also mothers. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of among rural Bangladeshi pregnant women and determine the risk of a low birth weight (LBW). We followed a longitudinal design where 208 pregnant women were followed until the birth of their infants.

Trend of maternal education in Bangladesh from 2004-2018: Analysis of demographic surveillance data.

Background: Maternal education is universally recognised as a major factor in positive societal indicators (health, wellbeing, overall education, etc.) and a country's growth and economic sustainability, yet the underlying factors contributing to maternal education have not been widely investigated, especially in developing countries.

Objective: This study investigated the 15-year trend of maternal education in Bangladesh (2004-2018) to identify the factors contributing to maternal education.

Anthropometric Indices of Giardia-Infected Under-Five Children Presenting with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea and Their Healthy Community Controls: Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Among all intestinal parasitosis, giardiasis has been reported to be associated with delayed growth in malnourished children under 5 living in low- and middle-income countries. Relevant data on the nutritional status of children aged 0-59 months presenting with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and giardia infection were collected from sentinel health facilities of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study's (GEMS) seven field settings, placed in diverse countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia between, December 2007 and February 2011. Then, this study analyzed a robust dataset of study participants ( = 22,569).

Health Education Through a Campaign and mHealth to Enhance Knowledge and Quality of Life Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in Bangladesh: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Despite the growing burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD), disease knowledge and understanding are still lacking, especially in Bangladesh.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of a health education intervention in order to enhance knowledge, health-related quality of life (QOL), and motivation regarding healthy lifestyles among rural and periurban adults suffering from CKD.

Methods: A parallel-group (1:1) randomized controlled trial is ongoing in the Mirzapur subdistrict, Bangladesh, where two groups of patients with CKD are being compared.

Characteristics of Rotavirus, ETEC, and Among Under 2-year Children Attending an Urban Diarrheal Disease Hospital in Bangladesh.

Background: Information on comparative clinical and host characteristics of under-2 children with watery diarrhea caused by rotavirus, (ETEC), and as single pathogens is lacking. We sought to investigate the sociodemographic, clinical, and host characteristics of under-2 children hospitalized due to these pathogens.

Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study using the icddr,b Diarrheal Diseases Surveillance System.

Pathogens Associated With Linear Growth Faltering in Children With Diarrhea and Impact of Antibiotic Treatment: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Background: The association between childhood diarrheal disease and linear growth faltering in developing countries is well described. However, the impact attributed to specific pathogens has not been elucidated, nor has the impact of recommended antibiotic treatment.

Methods: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study enrolled children with moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) seeking healthcare at 7 sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Community-based screening to determine the prevalence, health and nutritional status of patients with CKD in rural and peri-urban Bangladesh.

Background: Studies have labelled chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the adult population in urban Bangladesh. To address knowledge gaps on CKD, we aimed to generate data on prevalence, health and nutrition of CKD individuals living in rural and peri-urban Bangladesh.

Methods: Participants were recruited from the Mirzapur Demographic Surveillance System by age-stratified random sampling.

Otitis media guidelines for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: summary of recommendations.

Introduction: The 2001 Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Islander populations were revised in 2010. This 2020 update by the Centre of Research Excellence in Ear and Hearing Health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children used for the first time the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Main Recommendations: We performed systematic reviews of evidence across prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and management.

Early life predictors of development of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: Evidence from a 30-year longitudinal birth cohort study.

Background And Aims: The early life predictors of changes in the blood pressures of offspring between childhood and young adulthood have not been well defined. Thus, this study aimed to determine the life course association of offspring's blood pressure with prenatal and early infancy lifestyle, and other factors taking advantage of a large community-based, longitudinal study of a birth cohort in Australia - the MUSP study.

Methods: The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) was measured for 3793, 3782, 2628 and 1780 offspring of the Australian longitudinal cohort study at 5, 14, 21 and 30 years of their age, respectively.

Increasing Awareness and Use of Mobile Health Technology Among Individuals With Hypertension in a Rural Community of Bangladesh: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Hypertension remains one of the foremost noncommunicable diseases that most often lead to cardiovascular diseases and its different complications. The prevalence of hypertension in Bangladesh has been increasing. However, there are very limited studies that have evaluated the impact of health education and awareness development in mitigating the burden of hypertension and its complications in Bangladesh.

Pathogen-specific risk of seizure in children with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea: Case control study with follow-up.

Objective: To determine the pathogen-specific risk of seizure in under-five children hospitalised with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in rural settings.

Method: This was a prospective case-control study with follow-up, conducted in a sentinel facility of Global Enteric Multicenter Study in Mirzapur, a rural community of Bangladesh between 2007 and 2010. Children aged 0-59 months who presented with MSD and seizure constituted the cases whereas those who did not have seizure comprised the controls.

Disease perception and experiences among rural Bangladeshi hypertensive women: A qualitative approach.

Hypertension (HTN) is well established as a leading cause of common serious illnesses worldwide. We carried out this qualitative research to understand perception of and experiences related to HTN among rural Bangladeshi hypertensive women. A total of 74 female hypertensive participants who were diagnosed as HTN were purposively recruited in a rural community in Mirzapur, Bangladesh.

Panel 6: Otitis media and associated hearing loss among disadvantaged populations and low to middle-income countries.

Objective:: Summarise the published evidence on otitis media and associated hearing loss in low to middle-income countries (LMIC) and disadvantaged populations.

Data Sources:: PubMed and other databases.

Review Methods:: Firstly, sensitive search strategy using ‘otitis media’, combined with specific key words for each topic of the review, from January 2015 to June 2019.

Diarrhoeal disease and subsequent risk of death in infants and children residing in low-income and middle-income countries: analysis of the GEMS case-control study and 12-month GEMS-1A follow-on study.

Background: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) was a 3-year case-control study that measured the burden, aetiology, and consequences of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in children aged 0-59 months. GEMS-1A, a 12-month follow-on study, comprised two parallel case-control studies, one assessing MSD and the other less-severe diarrhoea (LSD). In this report, we analyse the risk of death with each diarrhoea type and the specific pathogens associated with fatal outcomes.

Changing trends in measles vaccination status between 2004 and 2014 among children aged 12-23 months in Bangladesh.

Objective: To assess the current measles vaccination status in Bangladesh, explain changing differentials in measles vaccination, and determine contexts that may improve measles vaccination coverage.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of datasets (2004-2014) from the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys that followed stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling design conducted both in urban and rural contexts.

Results: 5468 children aged 12-23 months were surveyed, of whom 892 (16%) reported non-compliance to measles vaccine.

Validity of a tool designed to assess the preventability of potentially preventable hospitalizations for chronic conditions.

Background: Potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH) are defined as unplanned hospital admissions which could potentially have been prevented with the provision of effective, timely outpatient care. To better understand and ultimately reduce rates of PPH, a means of identifying those which are actually preventable is required. The Preventability Assessment Tool (PAT) was designed for use by hospital clinicians to assess the preventability of unplanned admissions for chronic conditions.

Double Burden of Underweight and Overweight among Women in South and Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is characterized by the coexistence of underweight and overweight individuals in a population. The objective of this study was to assess the level of DBM, as well as its main determinants, in women in South and Southeast Asia. We searched scientific literature databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar; gray literature; and reference lists from primary research published between 1969 and September 30, 2017.

Feasibility and effectiveness of electronic vs. paper partograph on improving birth outcomes: A prospective crossover study design.

Background: The partograph has been endorsed by World Health Organization (WHO) since 1994 which presents an algorithm for assessing maternal and foetal conditions and labor progression. Monitoring labour with a partograph can reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes such as prolonged labor, emergency C-sections, birth asphyxia and stillbirths. However, partograph use is still very low, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs).

Viral Pathogen-Specific Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh.

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) examined the infectious etiologies as well as associated demographics, socioeconomic markers, health-care-seeking behaviors, and handwashing practices of the households of children with diarrhea and their age- and gender-matched controls in seven countries over a 3-year period (December 2007-December 2010). Stool studies to determine diarrheal etiologies and anthropometry were performed at baseline and at 60-day follow-up visits, along with surveys to record demographics and living conditions of the children.

Relation of childhood diarrheal morbidity with the type of tube well used and associated factors of diarrhea in rural Bangladesh site of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Background: Diarrheal disease still remains a major public health threat and is often associated with fatal outcome especially in children with shigellosis mostly in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the presence of any associations between drinking shallow tube well (STW) water and childhood shigellosis. A total of 1394 children aged 0-59 months who presented with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in Kumudini Women's Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh, from December 2007 to March 2011 were enrolled into the study.

The incidence, aetiology, and adverse clinical consequences of less severe diarrhoeal episodes among infants and children residing in low-income and middle-income countries: a 12-month case-control study as a follow-on to the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS).

Background: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) has described the incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of medically attended moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) among children aged 0-59 months residing in censused populations in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where most child deaths occur. To further characterise this disease burden and guide interventions, we extended this study to include children with episodes of less-severe diarrhoea (LSD) seeking care at health centres serving six GEMS sites.