Acute effects of essential oil blend containing phlai oil on mood among healthy male volunteers: Randomized controlled trial.

Background Essential oil blend (ESOB) containing Zingiber montanum or Phlai and Zingiber tenuiscapus oils as the major components has high levels of terpenes such as sabinene, terpinene, terpinolene, and terpine-4-ol. Phlai is well known for its analgesic property, but its effects on mood remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of inhaling the ESOB containing phlai essential oils on mood and stress among healthy volunteers.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction in rats treated with cyclosporin A.

The therapeutic index of cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug, is limited by its nephrotoxic effect. Oxidative stress is suggested to play a crucial role as pathogenic factors. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a phenolic antioxidant, on renal function, morphology, and oxidative stress following CsA treatment.

Episodic dural stimulation in awake rats: a model for recurrent headache.

Objectives: To model, in rats, the development of chronic trigeminal nociceptive hypersensitivity seen in patients with recurrent headache.

Background: Pathophysiology studies suggest that patients with recurrent migraine headache experience repeated bouts of dural nociceptor activation. In some patients, the severity and frequency of headache attacks increase over time.