Phosphine estimation in fumigated food grains using gas chromatography equipped with FPD detector.

Phosphine, as per several reports, is considered to be an ideal and effective alternative to methyl bromide (MB) fumigant, phased out globally honouring 'Montreal Protocol'. The food grains fumigated with phosphine are perceived to be residue-free; however, estimation of its residues is imperative. In the present study, the phosphine residues were estimated in grains of wheat, rice, green gram, chickpea and yellow pea fumigated with different formulations of phosphine under 7 and 10 days exposure periods at various locations in India.

Mixture toxicity assessment of selected insecticides to silver perch fingerling, Bidyanus bidyanus.

The organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides are responsible for inhibition of the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The AChE activity, therefore, has been demonstrated to be a potent biomarker for these insecticides in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of AChE in the brain of four-week old fingerlings of silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus exposed to OP and CB insecticides.

Rice pest management with reduced risk pesticides in India.

Sitapur district in the Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) state of northern India has been observed to consume large amounts of WHO classified "extremely" and "highly hazardous" pesticides, in rice crop, posing significant health and environmental threats.

Binary combinations of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroids are more potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors than organophosphorus and carbamate mixtures: An in vitro assessment.

Anticholinesterase insecticides such as organophosphorous (OP) and carbamates pesticides (CB); and synthetic pyrethroids (SP) pesticides commonly co-occur in the environment. This raises the possibility of antagonistic, additive, or synergistic neurotoxicity in exposed organisms. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition has been demonstrated to be useful as a biomarker for exposure to OP and CBs in many environments.

Binary combinations of organophosphorus pesticides exhibit differential toxicity under oxidised and un-oxidised conditions.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition has been demonstrated to be useful as a biomarker for exposure to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides in many environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of housefly (Musca domestica) head AChE (HF-AChE) exposed to five OPs as individual compounds and their binary mixtures under in vitro conditions. To examine the effects of oxidation on OP potency in the HF-AChE system, bromine water was used as an oxidisng agent.

Pesticide residue analysis of soil, water, and grain of IPM basmati rice.

The main aim of the present investigations was to compare the pesticide load in integrated pest management (IPM) with non-IPM crops of rice fields. The harvest samples of Basmati rice grain, soil, and irrigation water, from IPM and non-IPM field trials, at villages in northern India, were analyzed using multi-pesticide residue method. The field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years (2008-2011) for the successful validation of the modules, synthesized for Basmati rice, at these locations.

Comparative assessment of pesticide residues in grain, soil, and water from IPM and non-IPM trials of basmati rice.

The integrated pest management (IPM) modules of pesticide schedule on Basmati rice were validated at field experiments conducted in Northern India for consecutive 3 years (2005-2008). The pesticide residues were found below the detectable limit (<0.01-0.

Impact analysis of IPM programs in Basmati rice by estimation of pesticide residues.

Samples of Basmati rice grain, soil and water were collected, from IPM and non-IPM field trials conducted at four regions of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand in India, for pesticide residue analysis. Out of 45 soil samples collected, only four non-IPM samples indicated the presence of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan in the range of ND (<0.001) to 0.

Determination of pesticide residue in soil, water and grain from IPM and non-IPM field trials of rice.

Soil, water and rice grain samples from field trials conducted under the IPM and non-IPM modules in Kaithal (Haryana) region were analyzed for pendimethalin, atrazine, lindane and chlorpyriphos, and in Dehradun (Uttarakhand) region, samples were analyzed for carbendazim only. The pesticide residues were found below the detectable limit in the soil and water samples of the Kaithal region. From Dehradun region the residues of carbendazim in rice grains were detected at 0.

Analysis of insecticides in okra and brinjal from IPM and non-IPM fields.

Samples of okra and brinjal fruits, collected from non-integrated pest management (Non-IPM) and IPM fields in village Raispur, Ghaziabad District (U.P.), were analyzed for pesticide residues.

Bioefficacy of iprodione against two desapers, its compatibility with T. harzianum and residues on cabbage crop.

Iprodione (3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamide) bio-assayed against fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was found to be highly effective for inhibiting these desapers. Inhibition of A. brassicicola was 100% up to the dose of 75 ppm and for S.