Lipid a remodeling modulates outer membrane vesicle biogenesis by .

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small membrane enclosed sacs released from bacteria which serve as carriers of biomolecules that shape interactions with the surrounding environment. The periodontal pathogen, , is a prolific OMV producer. Here, we investigated how the structure of lipid A, a core outer membrane molecule, influences OMV production, OMV-dependent TLR4 activation, and biofilm formation.

Clinically Healthy Human Gingival Tissues Show Significant Inter-individual Variability in GCF Chemokine Expression and Subgingival Plaque Microbial Composition.

Clinically healthy gingival tissue is maintained through controlled regulation of host defense mechanisms against plaque biofilm overgrowth. One key component is the transit of neutrophils from the vasculature into gingival tissue where the expression of different neutrophil chemokines are tightly regulated. This cross-sectional study examines the inter-individual variability in chemokine profiles within gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in relation to the subgingival bacterial community in a state of gingival health.

Genomic and functional characterization of a mucosal symbiont involved in early-stage colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a major health concern worldwide. Growing evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in the initiation of CRC has sparked interest in approaches that target these microorganisms. However, little is known about the composition and role of the microbiota associated with precancerous polyps.

The Distinct Immune-Stimulatory Capacities of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains 381 and ATCC 33277 Are Determined by the Allele and Gingipain Activity.

The strain ATCC 33277 (33277) and 381 genomes are nearly identical. However, strain 33277 displays a significantly diminished capacity to stimulate host cell Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent signaling and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production relative to 381, suggesting that there are strain-specific differences in one or more bacterial immune-modulatory factors. Genomic sequencing identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 33277 allele (A→T), creating a premature stop codon in the 33277 open reading frame relative to the 381 allele.

Physiological parameters for Prognosis in Abdominal Sepsis (PIPAS) Study: a WSES observational study.

Background: Timing and adequacy of peritoneal source control are the most important pillars in the management of patients with acute peritonitis. Therefore, early prognostic evaluation of acute peritonitis is paramount to assess the severity and establish a prompt and appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and laboratory predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute peritonitis and to develop a warning score system, based on easily recognizable and assessable variables, globally accepted.

Identification of PGN_1123 as the Gene Encoding Lipid A Deacylase, an Enzyme Required for Toll-Like Receptor 4 Evasion, in Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Removal of one acyl chain from bacterial lipid A by deacylase activity is a mechanism used by many pathogenic bacteria to evade the host's Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated innate immune response. In , a periodontal pathogen, lipid A deacylase activity converts a majority of the initially synthesized penta-acylated lipid A, a TLR4 agonist, to tetra-acylated structures, which effectively evade TLR4 sensing by being either inert or antagonistic at TLR4. In this paper, we report successful identification of the gene that encodes the lipid A deacylase enzyme.

Retrieval of a retained video capsule endoscope with laparoscopic surgery.

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is commonly used for examining and diagnosing gastrointestinal disease, especially small bowel disease. Capsule retention is a well-known and significant complication of CE and requires surgical or endoscopic removal. Most reports described the retrieval of retained CE via laparotomy.

Pharmacobezoar-a rare case presented as gastric outlet obstruction.

BEZOARS are retained concretions of indigestible foreign material that accumulate and conglomerate in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the stomach. Prevalence of bezoar is 0.4%.

Prospective Observational Study on acute Appendicitis Worldwide (POSAW).

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical disease, and appendectomy is the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. A correct diagnosis is key for decreasing the negative appendectomy rate. The management can become difficult in case of complicated appendicitis.

Validation of Boey's score in predicting morbidity and mortality in peptic perforation peritonitis in Northwestern India.

Background: The major complications of peptic ulcer are hemorrhage, perforation and gastric outlet obstruction with perforation occurring in about 2-10% of patients. Patients with perforated peptic ulcer still have a high rate of morbidity and mortality and to improve the outcomes it is important to stratify the patients into different categories.

Aims: To evaluate the accuracy of Boey scoring system in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients operated for peptic perforation.

Gastric glomus tumor.

Glomus tumors (GTs) are benign tumors originating from the glomus body which are usually solitary and small lesions. The vast majority are found in the distal extremities, particularly in the hand, wrist, foot and under the fingernails rarely involving visceral organs. Here we report a rare case of gastric GT presented to us with exsanguinating hematemesis and severe anemia.

The Interaction of Implant Luting Cements and Oral Bacteria Linked to Peri-Implant Disease: An In Vitro Analysis of Planktonic and Biofilm Growth--A Preliminary Study.

Background: There is little consensus on the most appropriate cement to use when restoring a cement-retained, implant-supported restoration. One consideration should be the interaction of pathogenic oral bacteria with restorative cements.

Purpose: To determine how oral bacteria associated with peri-implant disease grow in the presence of implant cements.

Adrenocortical carcinoma posing as a pheochromocytoma: a diagnostic dilemma.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumour arising from the adrenal cortex, whereas pheochromocytoma is a tumour of the adrenal medulla with occasional presence at extra-adrenal sites. Most of the adrenocortical tumours present clinically with Cushing's syndrome and signs of virilization due to over-production of the respective hormones. It is, however, rare for an adrenocortical tumour to present clinically as a pheochromocytoma.

A novel class of lipoprotein lipase-sensitive molecules mediates Toll-like receptor 2 activation by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Infection by the chronic periodontitis-associated pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis activates a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) response that triggers inflammation in the host but also promotes bacterial persistence. Our aim was to define ligands on the surfaces of intact P. gingivalis cells that determine its ability to activate TLR2.

In vitro microbiologic evaluation of PTFE and cotton as spacer materials.

Objective: To microbiologically evaluate the efficacy of cotton and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape used as spacer materials.

Method And Materials: Twenty-six extracted human molars were restored using either cotton or PTFE tape as spacers under a standardized provisional restorative material (Cavit). The teeth were incubated for 7 days in a culture of Streptococcus gordonii or in liquid media alone.

The lipid A phosphate position determines differential host Toll-like receptor 4 responses to phylogenetically related symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria.

The human symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron promotes intestinal function and health, whereas the phylogenetically related pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with the chronic oral inflammatory disease periodontitis. Although both B. thetaiotaomicron and P.

AlgK is a TPR-containing protein and the periplasmic component of a novel exopolysaccharide secretin.

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic biofilm infections in cystic fibrosis patients. During colonization of the lung, P. aeruginosa converts to a mucoid phenotype characterized by overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate.

Porphyromonas gingivalis resistance to polymyxin B is determined by the lipid A 4'-phosphatase, PGN_0524.

Aim: To elucidate the genetic basis for the pronounced resistance that the oral pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), exhibits towards the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B.

Methodology: A genetic screen of P.

Contribution of the periplasmic chaperone Skp to efficient presentation of the autotransporter IcsA on the surface of Shigella flexneri.

IcsA is an outer membrane protein in the autotransporter family that is required for Shigella flexneri pathogenesis. Following its secretion through the Sec translocon, IcsA is incorporated into the outer membrane in a process that depends on YaeT, a component of an outer membrane beta-barrel insertion machinery. We investigated the role of the periplasmic chaperone Skp in IcsA maturation.

Membrane topology and roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alg8 and Alg44 in alginate polymerization.

Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that overproduce alginate are associated with chronic pulmonary disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis).