Squamous odontogenic tumour-like proliferation in a maxillary dentigerous cyst - An unusual finding.

Squamous odontogenic tumour-like proliferations (SOTLPs) in the wall of odontogenic cysts are rare occurrences. Due to the histopathological similarity of these proliferations to neoplasms, such as squamous odontogenic tumour, intraosseous well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and acanthomatous ameloblastoma, their correct elucidation is of paramount importance to avoid unnecessary and unwanted treatment. SOTLPs are uncommon in dentigerous cysts and rare in those that occur in the maxilla particularly the anterior region.

Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Application for Diagnosis of Oral Lesions and Assisting Young Oral Histopathologist in Deriving Diagnosis from Provided Features - A Pilot study.

Background: AI in healthcare services is advancing every day, with a focus on uprising cognitive capabilities. Higher cognitive functions in AI entail performing intricate processes like decision-making, problem-solving, perception, and reasoning. This advanced cognition surpasses basic data handling, encompassing skills to grasp ideas, understand and apply information contextually, and derive novel insights from previous experiences and acquired knowledge.

Empowering people living with HIV (PLHIV): unveiling care gaps and identifying opportunities for improving care for PLHIV in Singapore and Hong Kong.

Introduction: This study explored the behaviours of people living with HIV in Singapore and Hong Kong in terms of achieving and maintaining their physical and psychological wellbeing in relation to HIV, to identify the challenges and support needed in HIV care.

Methods: This qualitative study involved 90-minute interviews among Singapore and Hong Kong people living with HIV aged ≥18 years to explore health-related quality of life perceptions and gaps in patient empowerment in HIV care during February-May 2022. The COM-B (C: Capability; O: Opportunity; M: Motivation; B: Behaviour) framework was used during data analysis to identify behaviour facilitators and barriers for people living with HIV to achieve and maintain their wellbeing.

Fibrolipoma of the Buccal Mucosa in a Geriatric Patient.

Lipoma is the most common mesenchymal tumor seen in the trunk and extremities. It is rarely found in the mouth. Clinically, it resembles other lesions and is not considered in the initial diagnosis.

Correlation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase with micronuclei counts among areca nut chewers of Manipuri population using exfoliative cytology: A preliminary study.

Context: Areca nut (AN) is a potent cytotoxic and genotoxic agent. Oxidative stress-induced by chewing of AN can cause DNA damage leading to nuclear anomalies such as micronuclei (MN) and also alters antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to genomic instabilities and the development of oral cancer.

Aims: The aim of this study is to study the correlation between the levels of glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells and the genotoxicity levels (MN count) in chronic AN chewers.

Impact of COVID-19 on the HIV care continuum in Asia: Insights from people living with HIV, key populations, and HIV healthcare providers.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened continued access to public health services worldwide, including HIV prevention and care. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV service access and delivery in the Asia region.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, online study, conducted between October-November 2020, assessed the impact of COVID-19 on HIV prevention and care among people living with HIV (PLHIV), key populations (KPs), and healthcare providers (HCPs).

Effect of a Popular Web Drama Video Series on HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Singapore: Community-Based, Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are at disproportionately higher risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). While HIV/STI testing rates among GBMSM are increasing worldwide, they remain suboptimal in a variety of settings. While many studies have attempted to evaluate the efficacy of a variety of community-based campaigns, including peer and reminder-based interventions on HIV/STI testing, however few have attempted to do so for a web drama series.

Microscopic Assessment of Dentinal Defects Induced by ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Hyflex Electric Discharge Machining Rotary File Systems - An Study.

Background: Biomechanical preparation of root canal can damage root dentin leading to the formation of dentinal cracks which can eventually lead to fracture and failure of the treatment.

Aim: The aim was to investigate the incidence of dentinal defects in root canals prepared with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Hyflex electric discharge machining (EDM) rotary file systems using handheld USB digital microscope.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and fifty extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single canal were randomly divided into five groups ( = 30).

Social capital and chemsex initiation in young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: the pink carpet Y cohort study.

Background: Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) are especially vulnerable to the risks associated with sexualized substance use, or 'chemsex'. Engaging in chemsex established as a major risk factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition, and is thus a public health issue of increasing urgency. This paper attempts to explore the association between measures of social capital and patterns of sexualized substance use among a sample of YMSM in Singapore.

Crafting a Community Blueprint towards ending HIV transmission and AIDS in Singapore by 2030.

In November 2019, Action for AIDS launched the Community Blueprint Towards Ending HIV and AIDS in Singapore by 2030, a key milestone in the country's HIV movement where a roadmap was developed with strategies to end HIV by 2030. Overall, 60 representatives from 30 community organisations and institutions were convened to plan and lead work on the Blueprint, which covers 10 themes. The Blueprint examines the current state of the epidemic and populations most affected by it: heterosexual males with multiple partners, men who have sex with men, sex workers, transgender persons, and persons who use drugs.

Comparative Evaluation of Mitochondrial Antioxidants in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

Various endogenous mitochondria-associated antioxidants protect mitochondria from oxidative stresses such as Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), Catalase, Glutaredoxin 2 (GLRX2), educed Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Thioredoxin 2 (TXN2). They protect mitochondria from Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Excess ROS causes mitochondrial DNA damage and respiratory chain dysfunction leading to carcinogenesis.

Effect of a web drama video series on HIV and other sexually transmitted infection testing among gay, bisexual and queer men: study protocol for a community-based, pragmatic randomised controlled trial in Singapore: the People Like Us (PLU) Evaluation Study.

Introduction: Gay, bisexual and queer (GBQ) men are at disproportionately higher risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). While HIV/STI testing rates among GBQ men are increasing worldwide, they remain suboptimal in a variety of settings.

Methods And Analysis: The study is a pragmatic randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate an online video series developed by a community-based organisation in Singapore for GBQ men.

In vitro degradation of β-amyloid fibrils by microbial keratinase.

Introduction: Amyloid fibrils are misfolded, protease-resistant forms of normal proteins. They are infectious such as prions or noninfectious such as β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrils causing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prions and amyloids are structurally similar, possessing cross β-pleated sheet-like structures.

Altered expression of mitochondrial antioxidants in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Reactive oxygen species, if produced in excess by oxidative phosphorylation, contributes to mitochondrial DNA damage and progressive respiratory chain dysfunction, leading to various diseases including carcinogenesis. Mitochondria are susceptible to oxidative stress (OS) owing to lack of introns, protective histones, and DNA repair enzymes. However, mitochondria are protected from OS by numerous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase, glutaredoxin 2 (GLRX2), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and thioredoxin 2 (TXN2).

Evaluation of Histomorphometric Changes in Tissue Architecture in Relation to Alteration in Fixation Protocol - An Invitro Study.

Introduction: Preparation of good tissue specimens for microscopy requires complete fixation. No ideal fixative has been found till date, with every fixative showing advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate fixation is required to maintain clear and consistent morphologic features for histologic examination.

White sponge nevus: Report of three cases in a single family.

White sponge nevus (WSN) is an interesting hereditary oral mucosal disorder that commonly manifests as bilaterally symmetrical, thickened white, corrugated or velvety, diffuse plaques that predominantly affects the buccal mucosa. The lesions may develop at birth or later in childhood or adolescence. Because it is asymptomatic and benign, WSN requires no treatment.

Analysis of the Genotoxic Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation using Buccal Micronucleus Assay: A Comparative Evaluation.

Introduction: Micronucleus (MN) is considered to be a reliable marker for genotoxic damage and it determines the presence and the extent of the chromosomal damage. The MN is formed due to DNA damage or chromosomal disarrangements. The MN has a close association with cancer incidences.

Vitrectorhexis versus forceps posterior capsulorhexis in pediatric cataract surgery.

This study was done to compare the results of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis created using forceps with those created using vitrector in eyes suffering from congenital cataract. Vitrectorhexis term was first used by Wilson et al in 1999. [1] Fifty eyes with congenital and developmental cataract were included in this study.