Unilateral pigmented posterior lenticonus with retinochoroidal coloboma: a case report.

Posterior lenticonus is a rare congenital anomaly of the crystalline lens characterized by the conical herniation of the posterior lenticular surface with or without cortex herniation into the anterior vitreous. It is usually unilateral and axial; bilateral cases are usually familial and have syndromic associations. The irregular lenticular surface produces high myopia and irregular astigmatism producing optical distortion and hence deprivation amblyopia.

Botulinum toxin A as a treatment modality for acute acquired comitant esotropia - An Indian perspective.

Purpose: To analyze the outcomes of botulinum toxin A injection in acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE).

Methods: This is a retrospective study that included cases diagnosed as AACE between January 2022 and February 2023. Patients who were treated with Botox and completed a minimum 3 months follow-up were included in the study.

Secondary Glaucoma after Cataract Surgery Performed in Infancy in Congenital Rubella Syndrome: A Case Control Study.

Objective: To compare the incidence of secondary glaucoma after cataract surgery performed in infancy in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and children with nonrubella cataracts and to identify associated risk factors.

Design: Retrospective case control study.

Participants: Children with CRS who had undergone cataract surgery in infancy and age-matched infants who had undergone cataract surgery for infantile cataracts were included.

Impact of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses for myopia control on quality of life of the children: a qualitative study.

Objective: To assess the impact of DIMS (defocus incorporated multiple segments) spectacle lenses on the quality of life of children using it.

Methods: Separate in-depth interviews were conducted with children using DIMS as a myopia control strategy for at least 1 month and their parents based on prepared guides. The recorded audio of the interviews was transcribed, and the significant data points were coded using a hybrid approach, that is, both the inductive and deductive coding methods were used to identify themes.

Cataract surgery outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of cataract surgery in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The medical records of all pediatric patients (<18 years of age) with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus who had undergone surgery for cataract between January 2000 and December 2019 at a tertiary care center were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: A total of 27 eyes of 15 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included.

Association of sleep timings, duration, consistency, and chronotype with premyopia and myopia among Indian children.

Background: To explore the association of sleep timings, duration, consistency, and chronotype with premyopia and myopia among Indian children.

Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 453 children, aged 6-12 years. Two myopia participants were selected for each individual with the corresponding premyopia or emmetropia.

Double temporal retinochoroidal coloboma with posterior embyotoxon and persistent pupillary membrane: a case report.

Ocular colobomas are typically located in the inferonasal quadrant and attributable to defective fetal fissure closure. Colobomas can, however, affect any part of the eye, from the eyelid to the optic nerve. We present the case of a 7-year-old girl with two retinochoroidal colobomas in an atypical temporal location, with associated other ocular defects.

Examination under anesthesia: Preferred Practice.

Pediatric ocular examinations are often a challenge in the outpatient setting due to limited cooperation of the child. Hence an evaluation under anesthesia (EUA) or sedation is important for a holistic ophthalmic examination. It can be combined with short procedures, such as suture removal and corneal scrappings, both for diagnosis and for the management of several ophthalmic disorders.

Progression pattern of non-amblyopic Anisomyopic eyes compared to Isomyopic eyes.

This study aimed to determine the progression pattern of non-amblyopic anisomyopic children from ages 6 to 16 years. This retrospective study analyzed the electronic medical records of 8680 myopic children who visited Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India over eight years (2009 to 2017). A total of 711 records were retrieved based on inclusion criteria.

Intraocular lens formula calculation in pediatric eyes: Do we have an answer? A retrospective comparison between Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff II and Barret's formula.

Purpose: The ideal formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation following cataract surgery in pediatric eyes till date has no answer. We compared the predictability of the Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff (SRK) II and the Barrett Universal (BU) II formula and the effect of axial length, keratometry, and age.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of children who were under eight years of age and who underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation under general anesthesia between September 2018 and July 2019.

Effectiveness of 0.01% atropine in anisomyopic children.

Purpose: To investigate the change in ocular parameters of anisomyopic children treated with 0.01% atropine.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the data of anisomyopic children who underwent comprehensive examination at a tertiary eye center in India.

Orbital leiomyoma presenting as inverse globe retraction syndrome: a unique presentation of a rare disease.

Inverse globe retraction syndrome is a rare ocular motility disorder characterized by limited abduction, with globe retraction and up- or downshoots on attempted abduction, differentiating it from globe retraction due to Duane retraction syndrome, seen on attempted adduction. It can be congenital or acquired. We report the case of a 3-year-old girl who presented with classical features of inverse globe retraction syndrome secondary to an underlying orbital tumor involving the medial rectus muscle.

Localized orbital amyloidosis - A varied presentation.

Localized orbital amyloidosis is rare, usually slowly progressive and benign disorder. The most common signs and symptoms include visible periocular mass, ptosis, proptosis, globe displacement, ocular motility disturbances, recurrent periocular subcutaneous hemorrhages, and dry eyes. Herein, we report a case of localized recurrent orbital amyloidosis with strabismus, restricted eye movement, ptosis, and orbital mass as the presentation in a 60-year-old female and managed with debulking and strabismus surgery, resulting in a good cosmetic and functional outcome.

Digital Eye Strain- A Comprehensive Review.

Digital eye strain (DES) is an entity encompassing visual and ocular symptoms arising due to the prolonged use of digital electronic devices. It is characterized by dry eyes, itching, foreign body sensation, watering, blurring of vision, and headache. Non-ocular symptoms associated with eye strain include stiff neck, general fatigue, headache, and backache.

Clinical and molecular aspects of congenital aniridia - A review of current concepts.

Congenital aniridia is a pan ocular disorder characterized by partial or total loss of iris tissue as the defining feature. Classic aniridia, however, has a spectrum of ocular findings, including foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia, nystagmus, late-onset cataract, glaucoma, and keratopathy. The latter three are reasons for further visual compromise in such patients.

Post-traumatic orbital sub periosteal hematoma in children: Clinical spectrum and management outcomes.

Orbital subperiosteal hematoma (OSPH) is a rare entity following blunt trauma that can significantly affect the vision of a growing child. The purpose of this study was to describe the spectrum of the clinical presentations along with the imaging findings and treatment outcome of traumatic OSPH. This is a retrospective case series of six patients below 16 years of age, diagnosed with OSPH following trauma.

Visual outcomes following cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in vitrectomized eyes among children.

Purpose: To assess the visual outcomes and associated factors in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: A total of 52 eyes of 52 children who underwent cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in previously vitrectomized eyes between January 2008 and December 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Descriptive and inferential statistical measurements (Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, odds ratio, multiple logistic regression) were done.

Clinical profile and surgical outcomes in children with posterior lenticonus.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical profile of children presenting with posterior lenticonus. We also report on visual outcomes following surgery in these patients.

Subjects And Methods: Medical records of patients with a diagnosis of posterior lenticonus between January 2000 and December 2016 were reviewed.

Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Children With Vitrectomized Eyes Undergoing Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To assess the predictability of desired postoperative refractive outcomes using the SRK-II formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in children undergoing cataract surgery in eyes with a previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 68 eyes of 66 children who underwent cataract surgery and IOL implantation in eyes that had previous vitrectomy between January 2008 and December 2017 were included. Data were collected on preoperative and postoperative characteristics.

Infantile orbital abscess: clinical presentation, microbiological profile, and management outcomes.

Purpose: Orbital abscesses in children are not uncommon. Unless managed in a timely fashion, they can potentially lead to vision-threatening as well as life-threatening complications. The objective of this study is to report the clinical and microbiological profile and management outcomes in infants presenting with orbital abscesses.

Congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome with microphthalmia: a case report.

In congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome, a rare condition, the upper eyelids override the lower lids. It has been described in the literature either as an isolated entity or associated with floppy eyelid syndrome. We report the case of a 2-month-old with congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome associated with complex microphthalmos in the same eye and persistent fetal vasculature in the other eye, with no other systemic abnormality.