Publications by authors named "Sumit Randhir Singh"

Purpose was to study 3-dimensional choroidal contour at choroidal inner boundary (CIB) and choroidal outer boundary (COB) in healthy eyes. Healthy eyes imaged on wide field swept-source optical coherence tomography were included. Delineation of CIB and COB was done based on our previously reported methods.

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  • The study investigates the characteristics of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) using a new computational method to quantify PED composition indices (PEDCI) over time.
  • A total of 34 eyes with active CSCR were analyzed quarterly for one year, categorizing cases as acute (symptoms <3 months) or chronic (symptoms >3 months), and measuring various dimensions manually while comparing changes statistically.
  • Results showed that acute CSCR had higher serous and neovascular components in PEDCI at baseline, while chronic cases showed only neovascular components; a novel biomarker, PEDCI, was identified to help differentiate between acute and chronic CSCR.*
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  • This study compared changes in pigment epithelium detachment composition indices (PEDCI-F) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) over one year.
  • The research involved analyzing optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from 74 eyes (36 with n-AMD and 38 with PCV) treated with anti-VEGF agents, focusing on the composition and changes in PED lesions at 3, 6, and 12 months.
  • The findings showed a slight increase in PEDCI-F in both conditions, with higher levels linked to improved visual acuity and fewer necessary anti-VEGF injections, suggesting different
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  • The study evaluated new automated biomarkers called pigment epithelial detachment composition indices (PEDCI) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving anti-VEGF therapy over 24 months.
  • A retrospective analysis of 37 eyes showed minimal changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) but highlighted significant changes in the PEDCI measurements throughout the treatment period.
  • The results suggest that PEDCI can serve as useful biomarkers for understanding treatment effects in nAMD by quantifying the composition of pigment epithelial detachments.
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Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), a common chorioretinal disease, presents with a myriad of manifestations. Acute CSCR presents with localized neurosensory detachment whereas chronic CSCR may show widespread retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes, chronic shallow subretinal fluid, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) suggestive of a variable natural history leading to suboptimal visual outcomes. Even though multiple treatment options including laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, micropulse laser, anti-vascular endothelial growth factors, and systemic drugs (spironolactone, eplerenone, melatonin, mifepristone) are available, there is an absence of any standardized treatment protocol or gold standard treatment modality.

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Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an auto-immune inflammatory disease of choroidal origin. During the acute stage, optical coherence tomography (OCT), however, may not be able to assess the entire choroid. The aims of the paper were to evaluate the role of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a biomarker of inflammation in acute VKH.

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Fovea centralis, located at the center of the macula, is packed with cone photoreceptors and is responsible for central visual acuity. Isolated foveal photoreceptor disruption may occur in a variety of hereditary, degenerative, traumatic, and toxic chorioretinal diseases. These have been known previously by multiple synonyms including macular microhole, foveal spot, and outer foveal microdefects.

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This study evaluated predictors for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) based on multimodal imaging. A retrospective multicenter chart review was conducted on 134 eyes of 132 consecutive patients with CSCR. Eyes were classified as per the multimodal imaging-based classification of CSCR at baseline into simple/complex CSCR and primary episode/recurrent/resolved CSCR.

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Purpose: To perform a qualitative analysis of outcomes published from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) from 1979 to 2022.

Design: Systematic review.

Methods: All RCTs (including both therapeutic and non-therapeutic interventions) on CSCR available online till July 2022 were included after an electronic search in multiple databases such as PubMed, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Scopus, and Cochrane database.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study presents an automated method to analyze pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), allowing for the classification of tissue types within the PEDs.
  • High-definition spectral-domain OCT B-scans from 43 eyes were examined, and pixel classifications included serous, neovascular, and fibrous tissues, providing specific indices for each composition.
  • Results indicate high accuracy in the segmentation and classification processes, suggesting that this image processing technique could enhance clinical evaluation and treatment monitoring of nAMD over time.
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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has played a pivotal role in the field of retina. This light-based, non-invasive imaging modality provides high-quality, cross-sectional analysis of the retina and has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of retinal and choroidal diseases. Since its introduction in the early 1990s, OCT technology has continued to advance to provide quicker acquisition times and higher resolution.

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Since its advent in 1991, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become the most commonly used imaging modality in vitreo-retina practice [...

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to analyze the disease patterns, progression, and imaging traits in patients suffering from bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).
  • Out of 103 patients examined, 36 had bilateral CSCR at the start, with most showing symmetric disease, primarily complex rather than simple cases.
  • By the end of the follow-up, which averaged about 17.5 months, there were no significant differences in eye health metrics between the two eyes or any transitions from simple to complex CSCR.
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An important goal of advancements in ocular imaging algorithms and devices has been to improve the image acquisition and resolution of deeper ocular tissues, namely the choroid and its vasculature that are otherwise inaccessible to direct clinical examination. These advancements have contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiology of a number of ocular inflammatory conditions. We focus on the imaging characteristics of clinical conditions where imaging the choroid has improved or radically changed the understanding of the disease, has helped in differentiation of phenotypically similar but distinct lesions, and where imaging features have proven vital for monitoring disease activity.

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Purpose: To report the individual retinal layer thicknesses up to mid-equator in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Retinal layers were segmented using a custom designed semi-automated algorithm, where reference points were marked by the examiner to enable software to automatically compute the thickness values of each retinal sublayer at an interval of 1 mm from reference points. The values of individual retinal thicknesses in eyes with varying severity of DR were compared with the values of healthy subjects.

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Objective: To evaluate visual acuity (VA) and factors influencing VA using new multimodal imaging-based classification of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: Retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study on 229 naïve eyes diagnosed as CSCR with available baseline data and multimodal imaging. Each case was classified into (i) simple/complex/atypical; (ii) primary/recurrent/resolved; (iii) persistent or not; (iv) outer retinal atrophy(ORA) present/absent; (v) foveal involvement present/absent; and (vi) macular neovascularization(MNV) present/absent.

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Purpose: To assess the influence of fellow eye information on diagnosis and classification of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) using multimodal imaging-based classification.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study including patients with CSCR with unilateral or bilateral involvement. Multimodal images of both eyes of each patient were compiled and presented to two masked retina specialists subdivided into three groups: (1) both eye data, (2) right eye data and (3) left eye data.

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Purpose: To describe optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) without any hyperfluorescent leakage on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).

Methods: This was a multicentric, retrospective, observational study of ten eyes of ten patients with CSCR without any hyperfluorescence leakage on FFA. Baseline patient characteristics, best corrected visual acuity, and OCT parameters like relative retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) reflectivity at the presumed leak site and control site were measured.

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Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness with loss of retinal layers over long term. We aim to evaluate these changes in eyes with progressive non-exudative AMD with geographic atrophy (GA).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with GA with a minimum of 4 years follow up.

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Purpose: To evaluate choroidal changes in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients after water-drinking test (WDT).

Methods: This prospective study included treatment-naïve acute and chronic CSCR eyes and healthy controls. Intraocular pressure and optical coherence tomography measurements with choroidal vascular index (CVI) measurements were done at baseline.

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Background: To map the choroidal vascularity index and compare two eyes in patients with unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study performed in patients with unilateral CSCR. Choroidal thickness (CT) and Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured and mapped in various zones according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS) grid.

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Purpose: To correlate sectoral choroidal vascularity with angiographic leakage in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study including patients with active CSCR. Multimodal imaging including fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed to identify leakage site and obtain choroidal measurements, respectively.

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Background: To evaluate natural history of drusen ooze and its role as a predictor for progression of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) longitudinally.

Methods: Multi-centric retrospective observational case series of 72 eyes (72 patients) with dry AMD with a minimum follow-up of 4 years. Drusen types were identified on volume scans on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and were characterized for occurrence of drusen ooze at baseline until last visit.

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