A TEMPO-N Complex Enables the Electrochemical C-H Azidation of N-Heterocycles through the Cleavage of Alkoxyamines.

A TEMPO-N charge-transfer complex enables the electrochemical C-H azidation of various N-heterocycles. The TEMPO ion, generated from TEMPO, assists in producing N by forming a TEMPO-N complex with N . The formation of this complex is supported by UV-vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry studies, and ESI-HRMS studies.

Amyloid transformations of phenol soluble modulin α1 in Staphylococcus aureus and their modulation deploying a prenylated chalcone.

Phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) are small amphipathic peptides involved in a series of biological functions governing staphylococcal pathogenesis, primarily by facilitating the formation of an extracellular fibril structure with amyloid-like properties. This fibrillar architecture stabilizes the staphylococcal biofilm making it resilient to antibiotic treatment. Our study aims to abrogate the amyloid fibrillation of PSM α1 with novel insights on the amyloid modulatory potential of a prenylated chalcone, Isobavachalcone (IBC).

Convergent Paired Electrolysis for [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azidotrimethylsilane with N-Heterocycles.

A widely used method to obtain tetrazoles is through the azide and nitrile [3+2] cycloaddition. However, this process often involves using non-recyclable transition metals or Lewis acid catalysts and stoichiometric amounts of oxidants and additives, which reduces atom efficiency. We have discovered a convergent paired electrochemical reaction to perform this cycloaddition reaction, without the need for metal catalysts or oxidants.

Supporting Electrolyte-Free Electrochemical Oxidative C-H Sulfonylation and Thiocyanation of Fused Pyrimidin-4-Ones in an All-Green Electrolytic System.

An electrooxidative C-H functionalization is a widely accepted route to obtain sulfur-containing arenes and heteroarenes. However, this process often involves using non-recyclable supporting electrolytes, (co)solvents like hexafluoroisopropanol, additives like acid, or catalysts. The use of additional reagents can increase costs and waste, reducing atom efficiency.

Disruption of Biofilms with Purified Leaf Extract Protein.

Background: A major cause of economic losses in the medical implant sector has been bacterial biofilms due to their ability to persist on various surfaces and their tolerance against endogenous defences, antibiotics, or other anti-microbial agents. The quest for potential sources causing inhibition or disruption of bacterial biofilms has been taken up to alleviate the loss. Plantderived extracts such as essential oils, bioactive compounds and other solvent extracts are regularly being used instead of antibiotics and other synthetic compounds as they are safer, economical, and in many instances, have an elaborate history of traditional medicinal usage.

Identification and Preliminary Characterization of a Novel Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein of Staphylococcus aureus Phage Phi11 Expressed in Escherichia coli.

Bacteriophage Phi11 harbors a gene, gp13, encoding the putative SSB protein (GenBank accession no. NC_004615.1).

Demystifying mRNA vaccines: an emerging platform at the forefront of cryptic diseases.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have been studied for decades, but only recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, has the technology garnered noteworthy attention. In contrast to traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines elicit a more balanced immune response, triggering both humoral and cellular components of the adaptive immune system. However, some inherent hurdles associated with stability, immunogenicity, delivery, along with the novelty of the technology, have generated scepticism in the adoption of mRNA vaccines.

A quinoline alkaloid potentially modulates the amyloidogenic structural transitions of the biofilm scaffolding small basic protein.

Bacterial biofilm formation by communities of opportunistic bacterial pathogens like is regarded as the primary virulence mechanism facilitating the spread of detrimental nosocomial and implant-associated infections. An 18-kDa small basic protein (Sbp) and its amyloid fibrils account for strengthening the biofilm architecture and scaffolding the biofilm matrix. Our study reports systematic analysis of the amyloidogenic structural transitions of Sbp and predicts the amyloid core of the protein which may trigger misfolding and aggregation.

Efficacy of a novel bone preprocessing method for better DNA yield.

In cases involving identification of missing persons, mass disasters and ancient DNA investigations, bone and teeth samples are often the only, and almost always the best, biological material available for DNA profiling. Standard methods for extraction of DNA from such samples involve grinding of the bone and teeth samples. Here, we present an extremely efficient protocol for recovery of DNA from bone samples by a method of scrapping.

RNA ImmunoGenic Assay: A Method to Detect Immunogenicity of Transcribed mRNA in Human Whole Blood.

The mRNA therapeutics is a new class of medicine to treat many various diseases. However, transcribed (IVT) mRNA triggers immune responses due to recognition by human endosomal and cytoplasmic RNA sensors, but incorporation of modified nucleosides have been shown to reduce such responses. Therefore, an assay signifying important aspects of the human immune system is still required.

Genomic insight into Y-STR diversity in the population of Odisha, India.

This study evaluated the haplotype diversity of 17 Y chromosomal genetic markers among 202 unrelated males who were randomly selected in the population of Odisha, India. Out of total 196 haplotypes observed in this study, 190 were unique haplotypes. Forensic relevant parameters, viz.

Diguanylate Cyclases in : Essential Regulators of Lifestyle Switching.

Biofilm formation in empowers the bacteria to lead a dual lifestyle and enhances its infectivity. While the formation and dispersal of the biofilm involves multiple components-both proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous, the key to the regulatory control lies with the ubiquitous secondary signaling molecule, cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). A number of different cellular components may interact with c-di-GMP, but the onus of synthesis of this molecule lies with a class of enzymes known as diguanylate cyclases (DGCs).

N-terminal truncation of VC0395_0300 protein from Vibrio cholerae does not lead to loss of diguanylate cyclase activity.

The bacterial secondary messenger bis-(3',5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae, due to its significant role in regulating the virulence, biofilm formation and motility of the host organism. The VC0395_0300 protein from V. cholerae, possessing a GGEEF sequence has been established as a diguanylate cyclase (DGC) capable of catalyzing the conversion of two GTP molecules to form cyclic-di-GMP.

Genomic portrait of Odisha, India drawn by using 21 autosomal STR markers.

In order to find out the genetic diversity in the eastern Indian population of Odisha consisting of various linguistic and ethnic groups, we undertook a study on 508 unrelated healthy individuals belonging to Odisha, India. We assessed genetic variation and compared the data with published literature of Indian population consisting of different ethnic groups from different geographical areas using 21 autosomal STR markers. The most polymorphic and discriminatory STR locus in the studied population was found to be SE33 with the calculated values of 0.

Structure of the active GGEEF domain of a diguanylate cyclase from Vibrio cholerae.

Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) synthesized by diguanylate cyclases has been an important and ubiquitous secondary messenger in almost all bacterial systems. In Vibrio cholerae, c-di-GMP plays an intricate role in the production of the exopolysaccharide matrix, and thereby, in biofilm formation. The formation of the surface biofilm enables the bacteria to survive in aquatic bodies, when not infecting a human host.

Effect of ions and inhibitors on the catalytic activity and structural stability of .

The glycolytic enzyme enolase of Staphylococcus aureus is a highly conserved enzyme which binds to human plasminogen thereby aiding the infection process. The cloning, over expression and purification of S. aureus enolase as well as the effect of various metals upon the catalytic activity and structural stability of the enzyme have been reported.

MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Agents: The Future of the Battle Against Cancer.

Since their discovery in the 1990's, the study of a class of non-coding, single-stranded RNAs, christened the microRNAs has opened up new vistas in the field of cancer biology. MicroRNAs bind to their target mRNAs to act as either oncogenes or tumour suppressors. With the near-complete elucidation of the biogenesis pathway, and the advent of rapid sequencing technologies, microRNAs have slowly cemented their place as essential biomarkers for delineating the progression, metastasis, relapse or drug resistance of cancer.

DNA binding, cleavage and cytotoxicity studies of three mononuclear Cu(II) chloro-complexes containing N-S donor Schiff base ligands.

We report the biological activity of three Cu(II) complexes [Cu(pabt)Cl] (1), [Cu(pma)Cl] (2), and [Cu(pdta)Cl]Cl (3) (pabt = N-(2-mercaptophenyl)-2'-pyridylmethylenimine, pma = N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-mercaptoaniline, pdta = 2,2'-di(pyridyl-2-methyleneimine)diphenyl disulfide). 1-3 display four-line EPR multiplet in solution at RT suggesting that these are mononuclear. DNA-binding studies using spectrophotometric titration of these complexes with calf thymus DNA showed binding through intercalation mode which was found to be consistent with the observation of increased viscosity of DNA and quenching of fluorescence of ethidium bromide bound DNA in the presence of these complexes.

Subtle Changes Due to Mutations in the GGDEF Domain Result in Loss of Biofilm Forming Activity in the VC0395_0300 Protein from Vibrio cholerae, but No Major Change in the Overall Structure.

Background: Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous secondary messenger molecule in bacteria synthesized by diguanylate cyclases. This universal messenger regulates diverse cellular functions in bacteria at the transcriptional, translational and posttranslational levels. The cellular functions regulated by c-di-GMP include cell motility, cell cycle progression, virulence, biofilm formation, antibiotic production and other unknown functions.

Expression of Phi11 Gp07 Causes Filamentation in .

Background: The Gp07 protein of aureophage Phi11 exhibits growth inhibitory effects when overexpressed in .The protein harbors two domains- an amino terminal Bro-like domain and a carboxy terminal Ant superfamily like KilA domain, of which the KilA domain retains the growth inhibitory effect of Gp07.

Methods: We studied the effects exerted by the overexpression of Gp07 and its separate domains upon the growth rate as well as the morphology of the cells.

Putative protein VC0395_0300 from Vibrio cholerae is a diguanylate cyclase with a role in biofilm formation.

The hallmark of the lifecycle of Vibrio cholerae is its ability to switch between two lifestyles - the sessile, non-pathogenic form and the motile, infectious form in human hosts. One of these changes is in the formation of surface biofilms, when in sessile aquatic habitats. The cell-cell interactions within a V.

Effect of site-directed mutagenesis at the GGEEF domain of the biofilm forming GGEEF protein from Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholerae, the cause of seven noted pandemics, leads a dual lifecycle-one in the human host in its virulent form, and the other as a sessile, non-virulent bacterium in aquatic bodies in surface biofilms. Surface biofilms have been attributed to be associated with a ubiquitous protein domain present in all branches of bacteria, known as the GGD(/E)EF domain. While the diguanlyate cyclase activities of these proteins are universally established, the role of these proteins as diguanlyate-specific phosphodiesterases in conjunction with a EAL domain has also been reported.

Identifying microRNAs involved in cancer pathway using support vector machines.

Since Ambros' discovery of small non-protein coding RNAs in the early 1990s, the past two decades have seen an upsurge in the number of reports of predicted microRNAs (miR), which have been implicated in various functions. The correlation of miRs with cancer has spurred the usage of this class of non-coding RNAs in various cancer therapies, although most of them are at trial stages. However, the experimental identification of a miR to be associated with cancer is still an elaborate, time-consuming process.