Verification of an alteration in the gut microbiota that increases nutritional risk in patients on hemodialysis.

In end-stage kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, patients at nutritional risk have a poor prognosis. The gut microbiota is important for maintaining the nutritional status of patients. However, it remains unclear whether an altered gut microbiota correlates with increased nutritional risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

affects nutrition and immunology by modulating gut microbiota.

The gut microbiota has nutritional and protective functions. In patients with end-stage renal disease, changes in the gut microbiota disrupt their protective functions. Probiotics help maintain normal bowel function.

Isolated neutropenia caused by copper deficiency due to jejunal feeding and excessive zinc intake: A case report.

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG-J) is often used to treat patients with neurological impairment and difficulty in swallowing. However, these patients often develop copper deficiency. This report describes a case of isolated neutropenia, which is a rare manifestation of copper deficiency.

Effect of increased blood flow rate on renal anemia and hepcidin concentration in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Increasing the blood flow rate (BFR) is a useful method for increasing Kt/V and the clearance for low molecular solutes. Hemodialysis patients are often anemic due to hypoerythropoiesis and their chronic inflammatory state. Hepcidin, a hormone that regulates iron homeostasis, is considered as an indicator of iron deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Hemorrhoidectomy for elderly patients aged 75 years or more, before and after studies.

Background: The incidence of hemorrhoids requiring hemorrhoidectomy among the elderly has been increasing. Old age is sometimes considered a contraindication for surgery. The relationship between age and complications of hemorrhoidectomy for elderly patients is not well established.

Deep Vein Thrombosis in Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities Patients and Its Treatment by Anticoagulants of Warfarin Versus Edoxaban.

: Patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) often develop complications, including paralysis of the extremities due to abnormal muscular tonicity. Furthermore, the incidence of sudden death, which may be caused by pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), is approximately 4.2%.

Prevalence and Characteristic Features of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities.

Sudden death associated with patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) have been thought to be caused in part by venous thromboembolism (VTE), but actual situation of VTE in SMID is not clear. We examined the prevalence and location of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and the relation of the development of crural veins in 16 patients with SMID, using ultrasonography. The maximum diameter of soleal vein was 1.

Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial of Warfarin and Edoxaban Tosilate Hydrate for the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Persons with Severe Motor Intellectual Disabilities.

Sudden death in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) is sometimes caused in part by pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has drawn attention as a possible embolic source. Warfarin, which is a conventional therapeutic agent, is not easy to control appropriately, and daily management can be especially difficult in SMID patients. On the other hand, edoxaban tosilate hydrate, which has been newly approved for insurance coverage for the treatment of DVT, is not listed in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT-PTE guidelines).

Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities, Especially Diagnosis and Prevention of Recurrence for Chronic Thrombosis-Serial Changes of Sonography and D-Dimer.

Most patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) have restricted mobility capability and have been bedridden for long periods because of paralysis of the extremities caused by abnormal muscular tonicity due to cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities. Such patients are associated with a high risk of complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Here, we report twelve patients (42.

Association of increased indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase with impaired natural killer cell activity in hemodialysis patients.

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) suppresses adaptive immune response. However, there was no study to examine whether IDO activity is associated with immune parameters in dialysis patients. In this study, we estimated serum IDO activity by the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR), and compared KTR with natural killer (NK) cell activity, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and serum levels of trace elements such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) that affect T-cell function in 28 hemodialysis (HD) patients (age: 72 ± 13 years old, time on HD: 79 ± 89 months).

Deep vein thrombosis in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.

Most patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) have restricted mobility capability and have been bedridden for long periods because of paralysis of the extremities caused by abnormal muscular tonicity due to cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities, and such patients are associated with a high risk for the complications of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Here, we report 8 patients (34.8%) with DVT among 23 patients with SMID during prolonged bed rest.

[Effectiveness of high-dose, intermittent 5'-DFUR therapy for advanced gastric cancer].

We report a case of advanced gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases and peritoneal dissemination. The patient was effectively treated with high-dose 5'-DFUR. A 52-year-old patient with advanced gastric cancer and multiple liver metastases, who showed a high serum level of CEA and CA19-9 underwent simple D1 gastrectomy.

Examination of serum amyloid A protein in kidney transplant patients--comparison of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein for monitoring the occurrence of renal-allograft-related complications.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an inflammation-reactive protein, like C-reactive protein (CRP). In this study, we examined SAA levels in the sera of kidney transplant patients with acute rejection (N = 12), chronic rejection (N = 60) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection complications and compared them with serum CRP levels in terms of sensitivity and reactivity. The SAA and CRP showed almost similar kinetics in 10 patients within 2 months of kidney transplantation.

Examination of serum class I antigen in allograft recipient rats--origin and control of serum class I antigen.

We examined the appearance of DA type (RT1Aa) class I antigen in the serum of rats that had received isogeneic or allogeneic liver grafts (DA into DA, DA into LEW, PVG into DA, PVG into F1 hybrid (DAxPVG). Recipient LEW rats were given either one injection of the anti-CD8 mAb, OX-8, following thymectomy or anti-CD4 mAb (cocktail of OX-35 and OX-38) following thymectomy 3 days prior to liver grafting. We also tested the serum RT1Aa antigen titer of F1 (DAxPVG) recipients after PVG spleen transplantation and the serum RT1Aa antigen titer in the DA rat after hepatectomy and cyclosporin treatment.

TNF-alpha and heat-shock protein gene expression in ischemic-injured liver from fasted and non-fasted rats. Role of donor fasting in the prevention of reperfusion injury following liver transplantation.

We have previously shown that livers from long-term-fasted rats acquire tolerance to warm ischemic injury following transplantation, despite the fact that fasting depletes glycogen and ATP from the liver. The precise mechanism of the protective effect induced by donor fasting, however, is still a matter of controversy. In this experiment we determined heat-shock protein (GRP78) mRNA expression in livers during long-term fasting and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in transplanted livers exposed to warm ischemia.

Establishment of chimerism in donor liver with recipient-type bone marrow cells prior to liver transplantation produces marked suppression of allograft rejection in rats.

In this study, we investigated whether establishment of chimerism in donor liver with recipient-type bone marrow cells (BMCs) prior to liver transplantation could prolong the liver allograft survival. Donor female ACI rats were inoculated with recipient-type BMCs of male LEW rats via the portal vein, with or without irradiation as cytoablation, followed by intramuscular administration of FK506 for 5 days. At 1-2 months later, livers were harvested and transplanted into naive female LEW rats.

The outcome of liver transplantation at various times (70, 120, and 134 days) after the initiation of carcinogenesis in rats.

The therapeutic results of liver transplantation for primary liver cancer have not been satisfactory. The high rate of recurrence appears to be due to the inadequate care taken in selecting the most appropriate candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the presence of circulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and micrometastases at the time of liver transplantation, and the tumor growth-promoting effects of immunosuppressive agents. We believe that HCC patients must be carefully staged in order to identify those most suitable for OLT.