Cytotoxic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-alkylamphetamines, MDMA and its analogues, on isolated rat hepatocytes.

The amphetamine-derived designer drugs have been illegally used worldwide as recreational drugs, some of which are known to be hepatotoxic in humans. To compare their cytotoxic effects, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) and its related analogues, N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (MBDB), 3,4-(methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (BDB) and 2-methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-propane-1-one (methylone) were studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. MBDB caused not only concentration (0-4.

Genotoxic effects of environmental estrogen-like compounds in CHO-K1 cells.

Some environmental estrogen-like compounds, such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-octylphenol (OP), propyl p-hydroxybenzoate (P-PHBA), and butyl p-hydroxybenzoate (B-PHBA), synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), and natural estrogen, 17beta-estradiol (E2), were studied for their genotoxicity in CHO-K1 cells using sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA), and DNA strand break (comet) assays. Six of the chemicals, excluding E2, caused DNA migration in the comet assay and induced SCEs at one or more of the highest doses. Among the chemicals, OP produced an especially high incidence of SCEs.

ATP-generating glycolytic substrates prevent N-nitrosofenfluramine-induced cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes.

The relationship between cytotoxicity induced by N-nitrosofenfluramine and mitochondrial or glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis-dependent intracellular bioenergetics was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. The supplementation of fructose, an ATP-generating glycolytic substrate, to hepatocyte suspensions prevented N-nitrosofenfluramine-induced cell injury accompanied by the formation of cell blebs, abrupt loss of intracellular ATP and reduced glutathione and mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi), and the accumulation of oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde, indicating lipid peroxidation, during a 2h incubation period. Fructose (1-20mM) resulted in concentration-dependent protection against the cytotoxicity of N-nitrosofenfluramine at a concentration of 0.