[Carinal Reconstruction].

Carinoplasty can be divided into the one-stoma method, the montage method, the double-barrel method, and the Miyamoto method. The one-stoma method is usually performed with right upper sleeve lobectomy, and with an anastomosis of the intermediate trunk to a carina. On the other hand, in the montage method, the double-barrel method or the Miyamoto method, carina is completely resected and the trachea, left main bronchus and right bronchus are divided into three pieces.

A prospective 10-year follow-up study after sublobar resection for ground-glass opacity-dominant lung cancer.

This single-arm multi-institutional prospective study aimed to evaluate the 10-year outcomes of sublobar resection for small-sized ground-glass opacity-dominant lung cancer. Among 73 patients prospectively enrolled from 13 institutions between November 2006 and April 2012, 53 ground-glass opacity-dominant lung cancer patients underwent sublobar resection with wedge resection as the first choice. The inclusion criteria were maximum tumor size of 8-20 mm; ≥ 80% ground-glass opacity ratio on high-resolution computed tomography; lower F-fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation than the mediastinum; intraoperative pathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ; and no cancer cells on intraoperative cut margins.

Effect of revised organ transplant law in Japan on lung transplantation.

Purpose: To investigate how revision of the organ transplant law in Japan affected lung transplantation in this country.

Methods: Lung transplant candidates registered between January, 2000 and December, 2009 were designated as the pre-revision group (n = 396) and those registered between January, 2011 and December, 2020, as the post-revision group (n = 1326). Both groups were analyzed retrospectively using data collected by the Japanese Society of Lung and Heart-Lung Transplantation.

[Considerations for Perioperative Management of Patients with Complicated Respiratory Dysfunction].

This article describes the perioperative complications, perioperative risk assessment, and perioperative management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease, especially idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis( IPF), which are the leading diseases in respiratory dysfunction. In COPD, testing for forced expiratory volume during the first second and pulmonary diffusing capacity is important and an algorithm for testing has been presented by the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery. Acute exacerbation of IPF is the leading cause of postoperative mortality in Japan, and risk factors are being analyzed.

[Robot-assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery for Mediastinal Tumors].

The subxiphoid approach in thymectomy provides better visibility around the left brachiocephalic vein than the lateral thoracic approach. Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is easier to parform than video- assisted thoracoscopic surgery for surgery of the upper mediastinum, because the forceps can be moved with many joints. Robot-assisted thymectomy using the subxiphoid approach may be less traumatic and less invasive than median sternotomy.

Prognostic factors for lung transplant recipients focusing on age and gender: the Japanese lung transplantation report 2022.

Purpose: To clarify the impact of donor and recipient characteristics on the survival of recipients before and after lung transplantation in the Japanese population.

Methods: Patients' data were collected for retrospective analysis from all authorized lung transplant centers in Japan. We included 1963 patients listed for lung transplantation by the end of December 2021, comprised of 658 deceased-donor and 270 living-donor lung transplants.

[Hemothorax].

Hemothorax is defined as blood accumulation in the pleural cavity with a hematocrit value of the effusion exceeding 50%. Symptoms and severity vary, ranging from asymptomatic to an imminent state of threatened cardiac arrest. This paper presents the etiology, initial work-up, and treatment of hemothorax, with an emphasis on massive hemothorax requiring an emergent thoracotomy for hemostasis.

[Lung Transplantation at a Low Volume Center].

The number of lung transplantation performed in Japan is extremely low compared to other countries, whereas we have 10 facilities certified as cadaveric lung transplantation in Japan, meaning that there are low volume centers. By August 2021, we performed lung transplantation in 21 cases for 12 years, therefore, our facility should be considered as low volume center. Surgical outcomes at low volume centers are generally considered poor.

Inflammatory Risk Factors for Early Recurrence of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Within One Year Following Curative Resection.

Background: Several inflammation-based scoring systems and nutritional indicators have been shown to have relevance to survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).The present study examined preoperative and pathological factors in patients who underwent curative resection for non-small cell lung cancer, with the aim to elucidate risk factors for early recurrence within 1 year of surgery.

Methods: Patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery from January 2009 to December 2014 were retrospectively investigated.

[Surgical Treatment for Apical Invading Lung Cancer].

The apical invading lung cancer is the tumor infiltrating to the thoracic inlet, in other words, the 1st rib or the higher chest wall. Tumor arising in the posterior apex is invasive to the vertebral body, the sympathetic trunk, and the brachial plexus. Pancoast tumor is well known with typical triads, which is invasive to the sympathetic trunk and the brachial plexus in the posterior apex of the lung.

Impact of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and lymphoid follicle formation on patient survival following surgery for lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known to correlate with the prognosis of patients affected by a variety of cancer types. We evaluated TILs in patients who underwent surgery for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: Specimens obtained from patients during resection of lung SCC were examined for TIL density, lymphoid follicle formation, PD-L1 expression, and the appearance of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 Immunoreactivity as a Possible Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Thymic Carcinoma.

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) functions to transport large neutral amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, and histidine. These amino acids are essential for cell growth and proliferation. Many studies have demonstrated LAT1 expression in various types of cancer, and its high expression level was associated with poor prognosis.

Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index Predicts Outcomes of Patients with Pathological Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma Following Surgical Resection.

Purpose: The correlation of advanced cancer with inflammation and/or nutrition factors is well known. Recently, the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) was developed as a new prognostic tool for patients with advanced lung cancer. In this study, we examined whether ALI results are correlated with prognosis of patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma who undergo lung resection.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial and Aspergillus infections among cadaveric lung transplant recipients in Japan.

Background: Lung transplantation is an effective treatment modality for respiratory failure. Chronic lung infections, including infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Aspergillus, are difficult to control, and uncontrolled infections are relative contraindications for lung transplantation. However, few reports have documented the incidence and outcome of these infections in lung transplant recipients.

Mitosis count and number of cancer cells in cases of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma: Correlations among phosphorylated histone 3, number of cancer cells, nuclear grade, pathologic features and prognosis.

Immunohistochemistry findings for the phosphorylated form of histone 3 (pHH3) have been shown to be a reliable mitosis-specific marker. We evaluated the correlation between pHH3-stained mitotic figures (PHMFs) and clinical outcome, and compared the results with findings for numbers of PHMFs and cancer cells. The primary tumor was obtained from 113 patients with pulmonary adenocarcinomas (≤2 cm maximum dimension).

Inflammation-Based Prognostic Score Predicts Postoperative Survival of Patients with Interstitial Pneumonia After Undergoing Lung Cancer Resection.

Objectives: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), which uses serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels to indicate systemic inflammatory response and nutrition level, has been reported to be a predictor of overall survival in patients with various types of cancer. We evaluated the usefulness of GPS for prediction of survival of patients with both lung cancer and IIPs following a lung resection procedure.

Pulmonary Function After Lobectomy: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Versus Muscle-Sparing Mini-thoracotomy.

Although pulmonary function was better after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy than after open thoracotomy lobectomy, it is unclear whether postoperative pulmonary function after VATS lobectomy is better than that after mini-thoracotomy lobectomy. The aim of this study is to determine whether the former is better than the latter. VATS lobectomies were performed using endoscopic techniques through a 3-4-cm skin incision spread by a silicon rubber retractor and two or three trocars.

Association of Perioperative Redox Balance on Long-Term Outcome in Patients Undergoing Lung Resection.

Purpose: We examined whether redox balance during the perioperative period is associated with long-term survival of patients after undergoing lung resection.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer from January to June 2013 at our institution were investigated. Serum was collected during the operation, and on postoperative day (POD) 3 and 7, and the levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biologic antioxidant potential (BAP) were measured.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation in Pleural Lavage Cytology Findings of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma Cases.

Purpose: In the present study, we examined the relationship between intraoperative pleural lavage cytology findings and presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations.

Methods: We investigated 160 patients who underwent surgical treatment for primary lung adenocarcinoma at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 to determine the presence of EGFR gene mutations and pleural lavage cytology.

Results: In all, 52 subjects (31.