Objective: The agricultural herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) is cytotoxic to human red blood cells (RBCs) by virtue of oxidative hemolysis. Nevertheless, there remains a great paucity of literature detailing the mechanisms by which 2,4-D triggers hemolysis. Also, the eryptotic effects of 2,4-D has thus far been largely overlooked.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGinsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) exhibits significant potential as an anticancer agent; however, progress in developing chemotherapeutic drugs is impeded by their toxicity toward off-target tissues. Specifically, anemia caused by chemotherapy is a debilitating side effect and can be caused by red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis and eryptosis. Cells were exposed to GRh2 in the antitumor range and hemolytic and eryptotic markers were examined under different experimental conditions using photometric and cytofluorimetric methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hemolysis and eryptosis result in the premature elimination of circulating erythrocytes and thus contribute to chemotherapy-related anemia, which is extremely prevalent in cancer patients. Eriocitrin (ERN), a flavanone glycoside in citrus fruits, has shown great promise as an anticancer agent, but the potential toxicity of ERN to human erythrocytes remains unstudied.
Methods: Erythrocytes were exposed to anticancer concentrations of ERN (10-100 μM) for 24 h at 37 °C, and hemolysis and associated markers were quantified using colorimetric assays.
Background: Rosmarinic acid (RA) possesses promising anticancer potential, but further development of chemotherapeutic agents is hindered by their toxicity to off-target tissue. In particular, chemotherapy-related anemia is a major obstacle in cancer therapy, which may be aggravated by hemolysis and eryptosis. This work presents a toxicity assessment of RA in human RBCs and explores associated molecular mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Eryptosis stimulated by anticancer drugs can lead to anemia in patients. β-caryophyllene oxide (CPO) is an anticancer sesquiterpene present in various plants; however, its effect on the structure and function of human red blood cells (RBCs) remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemolytic and eryptotic activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of CPO in human RBCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chemotherapy-related anemia is prevalent in up to 75% of patients, which may arise due to hemolysis and eryptosis. Alpha-mangostin (α-MG) is a polyphenolic xanthonoid found in the mangosteen tree () whose antitumor medicinal properties are well-established. Nevertheless, the potential toxic effects of α-MG on red blood cells (RBCs) have, as of yet, not been as well studied.
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