Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hemorrhagic Gastritis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly used in the treatment of several malignancies and may target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, programmed cell death-1, and programmed cell death ligand 1, which work on maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. ICIs inhibit these ligands causing an immune-enhancing effect, leading to a wide spectrum of complications from mild mucositis to life-threatening pneumonitis or hepatitis. These complications are collectively called immune-related adverse events.

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma in retroperitoneal lymph nodes with concurrent early stage cervical cancer.

Extrauterine leiomyomas can present as benign metastasizing leiomyoma involving lymph nodes, which can be mistaken for metastatic malignancy. We report a case of a 52-year-old female who presented with postmenopausal bleeding and was found to have an endocervical mass. Imaging demonstrated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and biopsy of the cervical mass showed adenocarcinoma of either uterine or cervical origin.

A Case of Sclerosing Polycystic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland.

Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is a rare salivary gland tumor with about 100 cases reported in the literature. We describe a case of SPA in the parotid gland and review the diagnostic tools used for identifying SPA. A 24-year-old male with a two-year history of right-sided face mass, initially thought to be pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland after fine needle aspiration (FNA).

Analysis and Comparison of Tissue-Marking Dye Detection via Light Microscopy, Telemicroscopy, and Virtual Microscopy.

Objectives: To examine the fidelity of ink color identification using light microscopy (LM), telemicroscopy (TM), and virtual microscopy (VM).

Methods: Twenty H&E-stained frozen section slides, prepared after tissue inking with five stain combinations, were assessed by three pathologists using LM, TM, and VM. TM was performed using Mikroscan D2 slide scanner/LiveQ software with various objectives.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and its association with metabolic syndrome - A prospective observational study.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the association of hypovitaminosis D with metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS.

Study Design: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care, infertility centre from March 2016 to March 2017. The primary outcome was estimation of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in infertile PCOS women.

Effectiveness of Anti-Mullerian Hormone-tailored Protocol Compared to Conventional Protocol in Women Undergoing Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Assessment of ovarian reserve before an fertilization cycle (IVF) is one among the many factors that predicts a successful cycle. Individualized protocol based on ovarian reserve is designed to optimize the pregnancy outcome without compromising the patient safety. Although authors have shown that anti-Mullerian hormone-tailored (AMH) protocols have reduced the treatment burden and improved pregnancy rates, a few others have questioned its efficacy.

A case report of mesenteric heterotopic ossification: Histopathologic and genetic findings.

Mesenteric heterotopic ossification (MHO) is very rare and occurs in mid- to late-adulthood, usually in the context of prior abdominal surgery. The mechanisms of MHO are unknown. Here we describe the case of a 72-year-old man with MHO.

Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium: Evaluation of Prognostic Parameters in a Multi-institutional Cohort of 165 Cases.

Objectives: Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) comprises a rare yet an aggressive subtype, accounting for less than 5% of all uterine carcinomas. Several clinicopathologic features have been predictive of poor prognosis; however, data remain controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of a multi-institutional cohort of endometrial CCC in order to identify which, if any, have prognostic significance.

Granulosa Cell Tumors: Novel Predictors of Recurrence in Early-stage Patients.

Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) comprise 2% to 5% of ovarian neoplasms, with unpredictable patterns of recurrence. The HER family, GATA4, and SMAD3 genes are reportedly involved in GCT proliferation and apoptosis and may serve as new predictors of recurrence. The aim of the study was to evaluate novel predictors of recurrence in GCT from a large single institution cohort.

Patients' perception towards directly observed treatment - A qualitative study from Kollam district, Kerala, southern India.

Background: The Direct Observation of Treatment (DOT) is an important component of the country's TB Control strategy. Standards of TB care in India and the End TB strategy emphasised the importance of a patient-centered approach to foster adherence. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the perception of people with Tuberculosis in Kerala regarding DOT, mechanisms to make the treatment of TB more patients centered and to identify the preferable mechanisms to ensure adherence.

Prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletion among men with severe semen abnormalities and its correlation with successful sperm retrieval.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletion among men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia and its correlation with successful surgical sperm retrieval.

Setting And Design: A prospective study in a tertiary level infertility unit.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective observation study, men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia (concentration <5 million/ml) attending the infertility center underwent genetic screening.

Interobserver Variability in the Diagnosis of Uterine High-Grade Endometrioid Carcinoma.

Context: -Low interobserver diagnostic agreement exists among high-grade endometrial carcinomas.

Objective: -To evaluate diagnostic variability in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma (G3EC) in 2 different sign-out practices.

Design: -Sixty-six G3EC cases were identified from pathology archives of Wayne State University (WSU, Detroit, Michigan) (general surgical pathology sign-out) and 65 from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK, New York, New York) (gynecologic pathology focused sign-out).

Can problematic fibroepithelial lesions be accurately classified on core needle biopsies?

Fibroepithelial lesions (FEL) of the breast are notoriously difficult to classify on core needle biopsies. The goal of this study was to evaluate interobserver variability and accuracy of subclassifying difficult FELs into fibroadenoma (FA) and phyllodes tumors (PTs). We identified 50 breast core needle biopsies, initially diagnosed generically as FEL, with subsequent excision and final diagnosis of either FA or benign PT.

The prognostic significance of histologic type in early stage cervical cancer - A multi-institutional study.

Background: Cervical adenocarcinomas (ADC) have been viewed as more aggressive than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We analyzed an international cohort of early stage cervical cancer to determine the impact of histologic type.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with SCC (148 patients) and ADC (130 patients) stages IA1-IB2 who underwent surgery at our three institutions (two from Detroit, one from Mexico) from 2000-2010 was performed for: age, stage, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), invasion depth, lymph node status (LN), recurrence and survival.

Imprint cytopathology of core needle biopsies: a "first responder" role for cytotechnologists.

Introduction: Imprint cytopathology (IC) of image-guided core needle biopsies (CNBs) is used to ensure adequate sampling. In our institution, cytotechnologists (CyTs) are the "first responders" for on-site adequacy assessment (OSAA) of image-guided CNBs. We report our experience with this expanded and relatively unexplored role for CyT.

Postpartum pemphigoid gestationis.

Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) or herpes gestationis is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disorder associated with pregnancy. The condition typically develops during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, but has been rarely reported in the first trimester and postpartum period. Here, we report a case of PG that presented for the first time in the postpartum period, associated with a low birth weight baby.

AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma.

Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignant neoplasm occuring in HIV patients. Although the prevalence of HIV infection is high in Asian countries, KS is rarely reported. We report a case of fatal KS involving the skin and mucous membranes in a homosexual male.

Localized psoriasis herpeticum: Case report and review of literature.

Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a widespread cutaneous eruption caused by viruses, especially herpes simplex virus in patients with pre-existing dermatoses. "Psoriasis herpeticum" refers to the rare occurrence of KVE in patients with psoriasis. We report a case of KVE localized to the face in a patient with exfoliative dermatitis secondary to psoriasis.

Purpuric macules with vesiculobullous lesions: a novel manifestation of Chikungunya.

Background: Chikungunya (CHIK) is an emerging viral disease with a myriad of cutaneous manifestations.

Aims: The aim of our study was to document the morphology and evolution of skin lesions in cases presenting with fever, purpuric macules and vesiculobullous lesions, to confirm its causative relationship with CHIK, and to investigate further in order to delineate possible mechanisms of bulla formation in these cases.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, descriptive hospital-based study was carried out at a tertiary health care centre in Kerala.

Sub-polar lepromatous leprosy localized to the face.

Leprosy is an infectious disease characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from tuberculoid to lepromatous disease with immunologically unstable borderline forms in between. In clinical practice cases often do not conform to a classical textbook description, which may lead to misdiagnosis if not properly investigated. A 22-year-old patient presented to us with erythematous plaques localized to the face.