Efficient Adsorption of Ionic Liquids in Water Using -SOH-Functionalized MIL-101(Cr): Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism.

With the increasing application of ionic liquids (ILs) in industrial areas, the removal of ILs from aqueous media has attracted considerable attention due to their potential environmental impact. In this study, we investigated the adsorption behavior and removal mechanism of ILs in water using the metal-organic framework material MIL-101(Cr) and its sulfonated derivative MIL-101(Cr)-SOH. It was observed that MIL-101(Cr)-SOH exhibited notably elevated adsorption capacity (1.

Dietary Patterns of Healthy Underweight Individuals Compared to Normal-BMI Individuals Using Photographic Food Diaries.

Background: Previously, we found that healthy underweight (HU) subjects, with BMI < 18.5, eat about 12% less food (by calories) each day. It is presently unclear whether this lower intake is associated with them making food choices that provide high satiation and satiety.

The hedonic overdrive model best explains high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice.

Objective: High-fat diets cause obesity in male mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Here, three contrasting ideas were assessed: hedonic overdrive, reverse causality, and passive overconsumption models.

Methods: A total of 12 groups of 20 individually housed 12-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 12 high-fat diets with varying fat content from 40% to 80% (by calories), protein content from 5% to 30%, and carbohydrate content from 8.

Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty.

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks.

GDF15 promotes weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure in muscle.

Caloric restriction that promotes weight loss is an effective strategy for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and improving insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. Despite its effectiveness, in most individuals, weight loss is usually not maintained partly due to physiological adaptations that suppress energy expenditure, a process known as adaptive thermogenesis, the mechanistic underpinnings of which are unclear. Treatment of rodents fed a high-fat diet with recombinant growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) reduces obesity and improves glycaemic control through glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like (GFRAL)-dependent suppression of food intake.

The Beneficial Effects of Soybean Proteins and Peptides on Chronic Diseases.

With lifestyle changes, chronic diseases have become a public health problem worldwide, causing a huge burden on the global economy. Risk factors associated with chronic diseases mainly include abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated triglycerides, cancer, and other characteristics. Plant-sourced proteins have received more and more attention in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases in recent years.

Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure.

Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Two-Dimensional Polar Monolayer SiTe for Water-Splitting via Strain Engineering.

A two-dimensional (2D) polar monolayer with a polarization electric field can be used as a potential photocatalyst. In this work, first principle calculations were used to investigate the stability and photocatalytic properties of 2D polar monolayer SiTe as a potential promising catalyst in water-splitting. Our results show that the 2D polar monolayer SiTe possesses an indirect band gap of 2.

Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors.

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day.

Theoretical study on the stability, ferroelectricity and photocatalytic properties of CaBiO.

Materials with high ferroelectric polarization strength and sufficient absorption of visible light have unique advantages in photocatalysis. Based on the results of structure search, phonon frequency, and elasticity coefficient calculations, CaBiO has a stable 3 polar structure. First-principles calculations indicate that 3-CaBiO is a potentially efficient ferroelectric visible-light photocatalytic material for hydrogen production.

Corrigendum: Increased variation in body weight and food intake is related to increased dietary fat but not increased carbohydrate or protein in mice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.

Innovative Application of Metabolomics on Bioactive Ingredients of Foods.

Metabolomics, as a new omics technology, has been widely accepted by researchers and has shown great potential in the field of nutrition and health in recent years. This review briefly introduces the process of metabolomics analysis, including sample preparation and extraction, derivatization, separation and detection, and data processing. This paper focuses on the application of metabolomics in food-derived bioactive ingredients.

Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females.

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits.

Higher than predicted resting energy expenditure and lower physical activity in healthy underweight Chinese adults.

Contrary to popular opinion that lean individuals "eat what they want" and exercise more, Hu et al. study a cohort of healthy underweight volunteers and reveal them to have reduced physical activity relative to normal BMI controls and lower food intake. This cohort is also shown to have higher than expected resting energy expenditure, which is associated with elevations in thyroid hormones.

Increased Variation in Body Weight and Food Intake Is Related to Increased Dietary Fat but Not Increased Carbohydrate or Protein in Mice.

A variety of inbred mouse strains have been used for research in metabolic disorders. Despite being inbred, they display large inter-individual variability for many traits like food intake and body weight. However, the relationship between dietary macronutrients and inter-individual variation in body weight and food intake of different mouse strains is still unclear.

Effects of dietary macronutrients on the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolome in mice.

Dietary macronutrient composition influences both hepatic function and aging. Previous work suggested that longevity and hepatic gene expression levels were highly responsive to dietary protein, but almost unaffected by other macronutrients. In contrast, we found expression of 4005, 4232, and 4292 genes in the livers of mice were significantly associated with changes in dietary protein (5%-30%), fat (20%-60%), and carbohydrate (10%-75%), respectively.

Effect of disrupted episodic memory on food consumption: no impact of neuronal loss of endophilin A1 on food intake and energy balance.

Food intake is generally assumed to reflect a regulatory tension between homeostatic and hedonic drivers. Information from individuals with memory dysfunction suggests that episodic memory may also play a significant role. We reasoned that if memory influences food intake, then disrupting a genetic factor that is important in episodic memory formation should affect food intake and energy balance.

Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition.

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.

High dietary protein and fat contents exacerbate hepatic senescence and SASP in mice.

Dietary choices have a profound impact on the aging process. In addition to the total amount of energy intake, macronutrient composition influences both health and lifespan. However, the exact mechanisms by which dietary macronutrients influence onset and progression of age-associated features remain poorly understood.

Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life.

Background: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.

Objectives: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database.

Energy compensation and adiposity in humans.

Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is crucial. Increasing levels of activity may bring diminishing returns in energy expenditure because of compensatory responses in non-activity energy expenditures. This suggestion has profound implications for both the evolution of metabolism and human health.