Aetiological Profile and Short-Term Neurological Outcome of Haemorrhagic Stroke in Children.

Background: Haemorrhagic stroke (HS) accounts for nearly half of the paediatric strokes. The aetiology of HS in childhood is not well defined in the Indian context.

Objectives: To study the aetiological profile and short-term neurological outcome of children with HS from North India.

Status Dystonicus in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study and Review of Literature.

Status dystonicus is a life-threatening, underrecognized movement disorder emergency. We aimed to ascertain the etiology, clinical presentation, complications, and outcomes of status dystonicus in children and reviewed the literature for similar studies. Records of all children aged <14 years admitted to a single center with status dystonicus between 2014 and 2018 were reviewed.

Comparison of 4 weeks versus 12 weeks antiseizure medication for acute symptomatic seizures in children with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome: An open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the proportion of children with seizure recurrence/s during 6-18 months of follow-up among children with acute symptomatic seizures underlying acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) treated with either 4 weeks or 12 weeks of antiseizure medication (ASM).

Methods: Eligible children aged 3 months to 12 years with acute symptomatic seizures underlying AES, receiving a single ASM at 4 weeks of illness, and without seizure recurrence from day 7-28 of illness were included in this comparative, parallel-group assignment, open-label, randomized control study (either 4 weeks or 12 weeks duration). The primary outcome was to compare proportions of children developing seizure recurrence over six months of follow-up.

Chest wall tuberculosis in children: a mimicker of bone tumour.

Osteoarticular tuberculosis of flat bones of the chest wall such as sternum, scapula and rib is extremely rare in children. Because of its atypical clinical presentation mimicking malignant bone tumours, diagnosis remains a challenge. Histological and microbiological diagnosis remains confirmatory.

Additional considerations for "checklists to guide the supportive and critical care of tuberculous meningitis".

Checklists are pivotal in the systematic assessment of critically ill patients, pre-operative assessments and for patients with multisystem involvements. Management of tuberculous meningitis is challenging due to prolonged hospital stay, multiple neurological complications like seizures, stroke, raised intracranial tension, stroke, neurosurgical interventions, multiple invasive procedures, health-care-associated sepsis, and ventilation. All these complications are managed by separate checklists to avoid treatment-related errors.

Comparative evaluation of IS6110 and protein antigen b PCR in cerebrospinal fluid for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children.

Childhood tuberculosis meningitis is a severe form of tuberculosis with high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis is frequently missed and delayed due to lack of sensitive tests like acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and delayed results by culture. To compare the role of IS6110 and protein antigen b PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in children.

Black Holes in the Brain and Spine: A Dark Disease.

A 7-year-old girl presented with difficulty in walking and bilateral vision impairment since past 15 days. On examination, she had disc pallor, flaccid paraparesis with positive Babinski sign, and reduced sensations below clavicle. She was diagnosed as anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP-4)-positive neuromyelitis optica.

Infection-Associated Opsoclonus: A Retrospective Case Record Analysis and Review of Literature.

Opsoclonus, an uncommon clinical sign, and is often described in the context of opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome (OMAS). OMAS may be paraneoplastic or postinfectious. However, opsoclonus with or without OMAS may occur in association with a wide gamut of infections.

Management Strategies of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome: A Review.

Melkerrson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology and characterized by the triad of oro-facial edema, facial nerve palsy, and furrowing of the tongue. Two or more of the above are essential for making a clinical diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is corticosteroids.

Wormian Bones and Dilated Scalp Veins in an Infant With Epilepsy.

A three-months boy presented with recurrent seizures. On examination, he was fair, had dilated scalp veins, sparse hypopigmented hair, and was hypotonic. X-ray of the skull showed wormian bones.

Recurrent Paradoxical Tuberculosis with Chest Wall Abscess and Optochiasmatic Tuberculoma.

New-onset clinical or radiological symptoms in a patient with tuberculosis pose diagnostic treatment challenges, which can be due to treatment failure, disease relapse, or paradoxical response. We describe an adolescent case of recurrent paradoxical response complicating tuberculous meningitis. The first paradoxical tuberculosis presented as chest wall abscess, which was complicated by uniocular, gradually progressive, painless loss of vision after 6 months.