Cytokine gene variants of TNF-α and IL-10 in the propensity of type 2 diabetes in south Indian population.

Chronic inflammation plays an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a common endocrinological pro-inflammatory disorder associated with insulin resistance. The objective of the present study is to see individual and combined effect of TNF-α (rs361525, rs1800629) and IL-10 (rs1800872, rs1800896) genes on T2DM susceptibility The genotyping was carried out in 200 T2DM patients and 200 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using suitable primers. The results shown that TNF-α (GA of rs361525 & rs1800629) and IL-10 (AA of rs1800872 & GA of rs1800896) genes are significantly linked with T2DM development.

Role of gene polymorphism on knee osteoarthritis in the South Indian Hyderabad Population: A hospital based study with G595C variant.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease with genetic factors playing a crucial role, and it has been associated with a family history of obesity. G595C polymorphism in the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 () gene has demonstrated an association with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. However, this polymorphism has been never explored in an Indian population.

AmpliSeq Screening of Genes Encoding the C-Type Lectin Receptors and Their Signaling Components Reveals a Common Variant in Associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Indian Population.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a multifactorial disease governed by bacterial, host and environmental factors. On the host side, growing evidence shows the crucial role that genetic variants play in the susceptibility to (Mtb) infection. Such polymorphisms have been described in genes encoding for different cytokines and pattern recognition receptors (PRR), including numerous Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

The N-terminal domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE17 (Rv1168c) protein plays a dominant role in inducing antibody responses in active TB patients.

The PPE (proline-proline-glutamic acid) proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are characterized by a conserved N-terminal domain of approximately 180 amino acids and variable C-terminal domain. Since last decade, these proteins have gained much importance in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) as they act as a source of antigenic variation. We have demonstrated earlier that one of the PPE proteins PPE17 (Rv1168c) induces strong B-cell and T-cell responses in active TB disease and also displays a higher antibody titer compared to immunodominant antigens such as ESAT-6, Hsp60 and PPD.

Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerases Are Immunogenic, Alter Cytokine Profile and Aid in Intracellular Survival.

() has two peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (Ppiases) PpiA and PpiB, popularly known as cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B. The role of cyclophilins in processes such as signaling, cell surface recognition, chaperoning, and heat shock response has been well-documented. We present evidence that Ppiases modulate the host immune response.

S100A12 is up-regulated in pulmonary tuberculosis and predicts the extent of alveolar infiltration on chest radiography: an observational study.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) results in lung functional impairment and there are no surrogate markers to monitor the extent of lung involvement. We investigated the clinical significance of S100A12 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) for predicting the extent of lung involvement. We performed an observational study in India with 119 newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, sputum smear positive, HIV-negative PTB patients and 163 healthy controls.

Effect of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine production and mRNA expression in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus and their household contacts.

Objective: The study was carried out to understand the influence of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 cytokine production and expression in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus (TBDM) and their household contacts (HHC).

Methodology: The study involved a total of 300 subjects, 50 in each category of TBDM, TBDM HHC, pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB), PTB HHC, DM and healthy controls (HC). TBDM, PTB and their HHC, 25 each were followed at different intervals to determine their immune responses in Ag85A stimulated culture supernatants by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

A Novel Reading Scheme for Assessing the Extent of Radiographic Abnormalities and Its Association with Disease Severity in Sputum Smear-Positive Tuberculosis: An Observational Study in Hyderabad/India.

Background: Existing reading schemes for chest X-ray (CXR) used to grade the extent of disease severity at diagnosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are often based on numerical scores that summate specific radiographic features. However, since PTB is known to exhibit a wide heterogeneity in pathology, certain features might be differentially associated with clinical parameters of disease severity.

Objective: We aimed to grade disease severity in PTB patients at diagnosis and after completion of DOTS treatment by developing a reading scheme based on five different radiographic manifestations and analyze their association with the clinical parameters of systemic involvement and infectivity.

Toll-like receptor 1 variations influence susceptibility and immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, is still a global public health problem. TB susceptibility varies greatly in infected individuals, and mycobacterial recognition by the innate immune system likely affects disease course and outcome. This research describes a single nucleotide polymorphism in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1 gene that functionally alters the innate immune response to MTB and is associated with TB susceptibility in India.

Association of IL-1β +3954 C/T and IL-10-1082 G/A cytokine gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) constitutes the major cause of death due to infectious diseases. Cytokines play a major role in defence against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding various cytokines have been associated with tuberculosis susceptibility.

Cell-mediated immune responses in children towards secreted proteins of Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

Background: There is a need to develop an improved anti-TB vaccine for adequate control and elimination of tuberculosis, to control the spread of MDR-TB and TB/HIV co-infection. Studies in children have indicated that BCG vaccination has certain beneficial effects, especially against miliary TB and TB meningitis, but needs to be improved for protection against pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify the immunogenic proteins in the culture filtrate (CF) of Mycobacterium bovis BCG by studying the effector mechanism of protection in children, which may help in the formulation of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis.