Valuable Contributions and Lessons Learned from Proteomics and Metabolomics Studies of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus infected more than 775,686,716 humans and was responsible for the death of more than 7,054,093 individuals. COVID-19 has taught us that the development of vaccines, repurposing of drugs, and understanding the mechanism of a disease can be done within a short time. The COVID-19 proteomics and metabolomics has contributed to its diagnosis, understanding of its progression, host-virus interaction, disease mechanism, and also in the search of suitable anti-COVID therapeutics.

miRNA-protein-metabolite interaction network reveals the regulatory network and players of pregnancy regulation in dairy cows.

Pregnancy is a complex process involving complex molecular interaction networks, such as between miRNA-protein, protein-protein, metabolite-metabolite, and protein-metabolite interactions. Advances in technology have led to the identification of many pregnancy-associated microRNA (miRNA), protein, and metabolite fingerprints in dairy cows. An array of miRNA, protein, and metabolite fingerprints produced during the early pregnancy of dairy cows were described.

Hypothalamic protein profiling from mice subjected to social defeat stress.

The Hypothalmic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis also known as the HPA axis is central to stress response. It also acts as the relay center between the body and the brain. We analysed hypothalamic proteome from mice subjected to chronic social defeat paradigm using iTRAQ based quantitative proteomics to identify changes associated with stress response.

Proteins and metabolites fingerprints of gestational diabetes mellitus forming protein-metabolite interactomes are its potential biomarkers.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a consequence of glucose intolerance with an inadequate production of insulin that happens during pregnancy and leads to adverse health consequences for both mother and fetus. GDM patients are at higher risk for preeclampsia, and developing diabetes mellitus type 2 in later life, while the child born to GDM mothers are more prone to macrosomia, and hypoglycemia. The universally accepted diagnostic criteria for GDM are lacking, therefore there is a need for a diagnosis of GDM that can identify GDM at its early stage (first trimester).

Remdesivir and Its Combination With Repurposed Drugs as COVID-19 Therapeutics.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus needs multiple copies for its multiplication using an enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Remdesivir inhibits viral RdRp, controls the multiplication of the virus, and protects patients. However, treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir involves adverse effects.

An insight into major signaling pathways and protein-protein interaction networks involved in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with the increase of glucose in the blood rather than being absorbed by the cells. A better understanding of the signaling pathways is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of GDM. This study provides details about a series of signaling pathways and protein-protein interactions involved in the pathogenesis of GDM and their evaluations in GDM development.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Triggers Phosphorylation: Potential Target for Anti-COVID-19 Therapeutics.

The SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers host kinases and is responsible for heavy phosphorylation in the host and also in the virus. Notably, phosphorylations in virus were achieved using the host enzyme for its better survival and further mutations. We have attempted to study and understand the changes that happened in phosphorylation during and post SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Diverse vaccine platforms safeguarding against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

Introduction: Appearances of SARS-CoV-2 variants have created havoc and additional challenges for the ongoing vaccination drive against pandemic COVID-19. Interestingly, several vaccine platforms are showing great potential to produce successful vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Billions of COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered worldwide.

ACE2 as a potential therapeutic target for pandemic COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 virus invades the host through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors by decreasing the ACE2 expression of the host. This disturbs the dynamic equilibrium between the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis and ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor axis. Therefore, the clinically approved drugs belonging to (i) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as captopril, and enalaprilat, (ii) angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) such as losartan, candesartan, olmesartan, azilsartan, irbesartan, and telmisartan and (iii) the combination of ACE inhibitors and ARBs such as losartan with lisinopril and captopril with losartan, and (iv) recombinant ACE2, were studied for their ability to activate ACE2 in different medical conditions including hypertension, inflammation, cardiovascular, renal and lung diseases.

Achievements in Cancer Research and its Therapeutics in Hundred Years.

Cancer research has progressed leaps and bounds over the years. This review is a brief overview of the cancer research, milestone achievements and therapeutic studies on it over the one hundred ten years which would give us an insight into how far we have come to understand and combat this fatal disease leading to millions of deaths worldwide. Modern biology has proved that cancer is a very complex disease as still we do not know precisely how it triggers.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Nanospheres and Nanofibers Self-Assembled from Achiral Tripeptides.

The achiral tripeptide Boc-Aib-MABA-Aib-OMe has the ability to co-exist as nanospheres and as a network of nanofibers in methanol. Furthermore, AFM and TEM images show the presence of bulges in the network of nanofibers. Interestingly, the formation of nanofibers is seen to emerge from the outer boundary of the spherical structures.

Drug Repurposing for Retinoblastoma: Recent Advances.

Retinoblastoma is the intraocular malignancy that occurs during early childhood. The current standard of care includes chemotherapy followed by focal consolidative therapies, and enucleation. Unfortunately, these are associated with many side and late effects.

Single-Run Mass Spectrometry Analysis Provides Deep Insight into E. coli Proteome.

Single-run mass spectrometry has enabled the detection and quantifications of E. coli proteins. A total of 2068 proteins quantified by intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) Schwanhäusser et al.

Investigation of post-translational modifications in type 2 diabetes.

The investigation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) plays an important role for the study of type 2 diabetes. The importance of PTMs has been realized with the advancement of analytical techniques. The challenging detection and analysis of post-translational modifications is eased by different enrichment methods and by high throughput mass spectrometry based proteomics studies.

Comparison of Nuclear Matrix and Mitotic Chromosome Scaffold Proteins in S2 Cells-Transmission of Hallmarks of Nuclear Organization Through Mitosis.

Chromatin condenses several folds to form mitotic chromosomes during cell division and decondenses post-mitotically to reoccupy their nuclear territory and regain their specific transcriptional profile in a precisely lineage specific manner. This necessitates that the features of nuclear architecture and DNA topology persist through mitosis. We compared the proteome of nuclease and high salt resistant fraction of interphase nucleus known as nuclear matrix (NuMat) and an equivalent biochemical fraction in the mitotic chromosome known as mitotic chromosome scaffold (MiCS).

An Insight into Powdery Mildew-Infected, Susceptible, Resistant, and Immune Sunflower Genotypes.

Powdery mildew (PM, caused by Golovinomyces orontii) is one of the major diseases on sunflower that causes severe yield losses in the tropics. Sources of resistance to PM are reported in an exotic accession and some wild Helianthus species. The present study aims at quantitative proteomic analysis of susceptible, resistant, and immune genotypes of sunflower in response to PM infection at 3, 7, 10 days post infection.

Human PRE-PIK3C2B, an intronic cis-element with dual function of activation and repression.

The Polycomb/Trithorax Responsive Elements (PRE/TREs) are the cis-regulatory sequences that interact with both repressive (PcG) as well as activating (TrxG) complexes. However, most of the mammalian PREs are demonstrated to interact with the repressive polycomb (PcG) complexes only. We have carried out an unbiased search for proteins interacting with human PRE-PIK3C2B (hPRE-PIK3C2B) based on DNA affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry and identified MLL, MLL4 and WDR87 among other proteins in three biological replicates in HEK, U87 and HeLa cell lines.