Influence of genetic variants and mRNA expression of interleukin IL17A gene in asthma susceptibility.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, overproduction of mucus, and expiratory airflow limitation, which affects >300 million people worldwide. It is triggered by the dynamic interplay of genetic factors and environmental exposure. Th17 cells are an emerging subset of CD4+ T cells, which secrete IL-17A.

Influence of NOD-like receptor 2 gene polymorphisms on muramyl dipeptide induced pro-inflammatory response in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and household contacts.

Purpose: The immune response induced by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2(NOD2) is associated with the production of cytokines affected by the host's genetic background. The present study aimed to examine the effects of NOD2; 802C > T, 2105G > A polymorphisms associated with altered cytokine levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease, Latent TB subjects (household contacts(HHC) and healthy controls(HC).

Methods: Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) in 102-PTB patients, 102-HHC, and 132-HC.

Interaction of TLR4 and TLR8 in the Innate Immune Response against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

The interaction and crosstalk of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is an established pathway in which the innate immune system recognises and fights pathogens. In a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis of an Indian cohort, we found evidence for both TLR4-399T and TRL8-1A conveying increased susceptibility towards tuberculosis (TB) in an interdependent manner, even though there is no established TLR4 ligand present in (Mtb), which is the causative pathogen of TB. Docking studies revealed that TLR4 and TLR8 can build a heterodimer, allowing interaction with TLR8 ligands.

Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms and their effect on the immune response to ESAT-6, Pam3CSK4 TLR2 agonist in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and household contacts.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role in organizing the effective immune response through inducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines for control of tuberculosis infection and TLR polymorphisms are associated with altered cytokine levels have been described. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to confirm whether TLR2 (C2029T, G2258A) polymorphisms effects the cytokine production in PTB patients and Household contacts (HHC), healthy controls (HC). The polymorphisms were performed by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS) & Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) in 336 subjects.

A SNP upstream of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) gene protects from relapse and extra-pulmonary TB and relates to BCG vaccination status in an Indian cohort.

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is a major health care threat worldwide causing over a million deaths annually. Host-pathogen interaction is complex, and a strong genetic contribution to disease susceptibility has been proposed.

Role of IFN-γ and IL-6 cytokines and their association in determining susceptibility to chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) is a common skin disorder, which may occur spontaneously. The aim of the present study was to assess the serum levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-6 and to examine the association of IFN-γ+874 T/A and IL-6-174 G/C cytokine gene polymorphisms. To accomplish this, ELISA-based cytokine serum levels of IFN-γ (n=30) and IL-6 (n=30) in CIU patients (n=100) and Healthy Controls (HC) (n=200) were performed.

Association of interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphism in allergic patients.

Aim: Allergic diseases are increasing alarmingly worldwide affecting >30% of the population, including India. Allergy is the result of interaction of the epitopes on the protein with the immunoglobulin E (IgE). T helper cell-2 cytokines promote allergen-specific IgE antibody and induce eosinophil-dominated inflammatory tissue responses.

In vitro levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-12 in response to a recombinant 32-kilodalton antigen of Mycobacterium bovis BCG after treatment for tuberculosis.

Cell-mediated immunity plays a major role in conferring protection against tuberculosis (TB) on an individual. It is not known whether the immune status correlates with the bacterial load or whether the immunity improves after treatment. Also, it may be important to monitor treatment by being able to discriminate between active disease and successfully treated TB.