Application of gamma irradiation and high-pressure processing on physicochemical, antioxidant and microbiological properties of natural honey.

Background: Gamma irradiation (0, 2, 4, 8 kGy) and high-pressure processing (HPP at 400 and 600 MPa for 10 and 20 min) were applied to improve the physicochemical and antioxidant properties and safety of natural polyfloral honey and compared to heat treatment (60 °C).

Results: Although heat treatment enhanced antioxidant activities, it considerably changed the color of natural honey. In contrast, gamma irradiation and HPP were able to retain the natural color of the honey.

γ-Irradiation crosslinking of graphene oxide/cellulose nanofiber/poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel as a urea sensing patch.

Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) nanocomposite hydrogel was fabricated as a sensing patch for non-invasive dual detection of urea in sweat. The hydrogel was prepared by γ-irradiation crosslinking of PAA solution incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF). With high water-sorption capacity and transparency, the hydrogel was suitable to accommodate coloring reagents and enzymes for colorimetric sensing of urea in sweat.