Biomechanical Considerations in the Orthodontic Treatment of a Patient with Stabilised Stage IV Grade C Generalised Periodontitis: A Case Report.

Orthodontic treatment of periodontally compromised patients presents unique challenges, including controlling periodontal inflammation, applying appropriate force, designing an effective dental anchorage, and maintaining treatment results. Deteriorated periodontal support leads to alterations in the biological responses of teeth to mechanical forces, and thus orthodontists must take greater care when treating patients with periodontal conditions than when treating those with a good periodontal status. In this article, we report the case of a 59-year-old woman with stabilised Stage IV grade C generalised periodontitis characterised by pathological tooth migration (PTM).

Association between occlusal features and masticatory function in Hong Kong preschool children: a survey with one-year longitudinal follow-up.

Background: Mastication is important for breaking down food, aiding swallowing and nutrients absorption, and is therefore fundamental to a child's development. Studies have shown poor masticatory function to be associated with younger age and presence of caries. However, studies of the association between masticatory function and malocclusion yielded contradictory results.

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Dentin Hypersensitivity in Periodontally Compromised Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on dentin hypersensitivity (DH) in periodontally compromised patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Methods: This triple-blinded randomised controlled trial included 143 teeth with DH from 23 periodontally compromised patients. Teeth on one side of the dental arch were randomly assigned to the LLLT group (LG), while those on the contralateral side were allocated to the non-LLLT group (NG).

Oral Hygiene is Associated with Orthodontic Pain in Patients with Treated and Stabilised Periodontitis.

Purpose: This prospective cohort study aimed to 1) determine whether oral hygiene (OH) is a factor affecting orthodontic pain and 2) reveal whether orthodontic pain affects OH practice during orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: 35 adults aged 22-59 years with treated and stabilised periodontitis were recruited. The pre-bonding (baseline) and 1-month post-bonding OH as well as periodontal status were recorded.

Low-level laser-aided orthodontic treatment of periodontally compromised patients: a randomised controlled trial.

Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) shows effects in orthodontic pain relief and periodontal inflammation control. The aim of this article is to investigate the analgesic and inflammation-modulatory effects of low-level laser irradiation among orthodontic patients with compromised periodontium. A randomised controlled trial with split-mouth design was conducted in 27 adults with treated and controlled chronic periodontitis over 6 months.

The association between nutritive, non-nutritive sucking habits and primary dental occlusion.

Background: The development of primary dentition can be affected by oral sucking habits. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits with primary dentition development.

Methods: One thousand one hundred and fourteen children aged 2 to 5 years old in Hong Kong were recruited in a cross-sectional study.

Holistic Health Status Questionnaire: developing a measure from a Hong Kong Chinese population.

Background: The increased prevalence of chronic diseases is a global health issue. Once chronic disease is diagnosed, individuals face lifelong healthcare treatments, and the disabilities and disturbances resulting from their illness will affect the whole person. A valid tool that can measure clients' holistic care needs is important to enable us to identify issues of concern and address them early to prevent further complications.

Association of breastfeeding and three-dimensional dental arch relationships in primary dentition.

Background: The benefits of breastfeeding on oral health are still inconclusive, especially the association on occlusion. This study aimed to investigate the association of breastfeeding and the development of primary dentition.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 851 Asian children aged 2-5 years old in Hong Kong.

A Case Series of HIV-Seropositive Patients and Hypercoagulable State-Is It Difficult to Treat Even with Therapeutic Anticoagulation?

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk of developing thrombosis and are 8 to 10 times more likely to develop thrombosis than the general population. Moreover, if they have hypercoagulable state they can have severe thrombosis and life-threatening thrombotic events. The purpose of this retrospective study is to analyze hypercoagulable state in HIV-seropositive patients who have been diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Infected with HIV: A Cohort Study.

Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients are at risk of developing thrombosis than general population. There are several intersecting mechanisms associated with HIV infection and antiviral therapy that are emerging, which may lead to vasculopathy and hypercoagulability in these patients. Methods We analyzed the HIV patients who followed up with our Vascular Medicine outpatient clinic with venous thromboembolism (VTE) over the past 3 years and followed them prospectively.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of tricyclic anilinopyrimidines as IKKbeta inhibitors.

A series of tricyclic anilinopyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated as IKKbeta inhibitors. Several analogues, including tricyclic phenyl (10, 18a, 18c, 18d, and 18j) and thienyl (26 and 28) derivatives were shown to have good in vitro enzyme potency and excellent cellular activity. Pharmaceutical profiling of a select group of tricyclic compounds compared to the non-tricyclic analogues suggested that in some cases, the improved cellular activity may be due to increased clog P and permeability.

IkappaBalpha kinase inhibitor IKI-1 conferred tumor necrosis factor alpha sensitivity to pancreatic cancer cells and a xenograft tumor model.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been used to treat patients with certain tumor types. However, its antitumor activity has been undermined by the activation of IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK), which in turn activates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) to help cancer cells survive. Therefore, inhibition of TNFalpha-induced IKK activity with specific IKK inhibitor represents an attractive strategy to treat cancer patients.

Indole cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha inhibitors: discovery and in vitro and in vivo characterization of 4-{3-[5-chloro-2-(2-{[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl]amino}ethyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}benzoic acid, efipladib.

The optimization of a class of indole cPLA 2 alpha inhibitors is described herein. The importance of the substituent at C3 and the substitution pattern of the phenylmethane sulfonamide region are highlighted. Optimization of these regions led to the discovery of 111 (efipladib) and 121 (WAY-196025), which are shown to be potent, selective inhibitors of cPLA 2 alpha in a variety of isolated enzyme assays, cell based assays, and rat and human whole blood assays.

Structure-activity relationship of 6-methylidene penems bearing 6,5 bicyclic heterocycles as broad-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitors: evidence for 1,4-thiazepine intermediates with C7 R stereochemistry by computational methods.

The design and synthesis of a series of 6-methylidene penems containing [6,5]-fused bicycles (thiophene, imidazole, or pyrazle-fused system) as novel class A, B, and C beta-lactamase inhibitors is described. These penems proved to be potent inhibitors of the TEM-1 (class A) and AmpC (class C) beta-lactamases and less so against the class B metallo-beta-lactamase CcrA. Their in vitro and in vivo activities in combination with piperacillin are discussed.

Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha: hit to lead optimization.

Compound 1 was previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of cPLA(2)alpha in both artificial monomeric substrate and cell-based assays. However, 1 was inactive in whole blood assays previously used to characterize cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. The IC(50) of 1 increased dramatically with cell number or lipid/detergent concentration.

Structure-activity study of novel tricyclic benzazepine arginine vasopressin antagonists.

Novel tricyclic benzazepine derivatives were synthesized as arginine vasopressin (AVP) antagonists. Several tricyclic compounds showed potent antagonistic activity in rat AVP receptors V(1a) and V(2). Derivatives containing pyrrolo-tricyclic amines, 13i-k, 30, and 31 also showed selectivity for the V(2) receptor.

Cyclic amine sulfonamides as linkers in the design and synthesis of novel human beta(3) adrenergic receptor agonists.

Piperidine, pyrrolidine, and azetidine sulfonamides were examined as linkers in designing novel human beta(3) adrenergic receptor (beta(3)-AR) agonists. The azetidine derivative 37, and piperidine derivatives 7, 8, and 13 were found to be potent beta(3)-AR agonists and have good selectivity against beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR.

Novel (4-piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl sulfonamides as potent and selective human beta(3) agonists.

A series of novel (4-piperidin-1-yl)-phenyl sulfonamides was prepared and evaluated for their biological activity on the human beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (AR). Replacement of the 3,4-dihydroxyl group of the catechol moiety with 4-hydroxyl-3-methyl sulfonamide on the left-hand side of the compounds resulted in a number of potent full agonists at the beta(3) receptor. Modification of the right-hand side of the compounds by incorporation of a free carboxylic acid resulted in a few potent human beta(3) agonists with low affinities for beta(1)- and beta(2)-ARs.

(4-Piperidin-1-yl)phenyl amides: potent and selective human beta(3) agonists.

In search of potent and selective human beta(3) agonists as potential drugs for the treatment of human obesity and type II diabetes, a series of (4-piperidin-1-yl)phenyl amides was prepared and evaluated for their biological activity on the human beta(3)-adrenergic receptor. The leucine derivative 26e and the reverse amide 33b were found to be the two most potent and selective compounds in this study. With EC(50) values of 0.

2,4-Thiazolidinediones as potent and selective human beta3 agonists.

Methylsulfonamide substituted 2,4-thiazolidinedione 22c is a potent (EC50=0.01 microM, IA=1.19) and selective (more than 110-fold over beta1 and beta2 agonist activity) beta3 agonist.

Prodrugs of CL316243: a selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist for treating obesity and diabetes.

CL316243 is a highly selective and potent beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, and has been shown in rodent models to be an effective agent for treating obesity and Type II diabetes. To improve the oral absorption and pharmacokinetic profiles of CL316243, a number of prodrugs have been synthesized and evaluated. Several ester-type prodrugs show significant improvements in oral bioavailability in both rodent and primate models.

Recent developments in tetracycline antibiotics.

The rapid emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to tetracyclines and other currently available antibiotics has caused serious concern among medical professionals. It has heightened resurgent interest in studying the mechanisms of resistance and in developing new antibiotics. A comprehensive review has outlined the developments of tetracyclines prior to 1980 [47].

Identification of human urinary mitoxantrone metabolites.

Two polar metabolites of mitoxantrone, a clinically active antitumor agent, have been isolated and purified from the urine of patients by sequential absorption on glass wool and C18-Sep-Pak cartridges followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry indicated that the two metabolites are the di- and mono-carboxylic acids resulting from oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the side chain(s). Mass spectral comparison of the urinary metabolites with synthetic compounds confirmed the identification.