Reconnoitring signaling pathways and exploiting innovative approaches tailoring multifaceted therapies for skin cancer.

Nowadays, skin cancer is widespread just like a varied malignant cancer which can cause serious health issues. Skin cancer, which encompasses malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, is a prevalent form of cancer among humans. Due to its broad prevalence, financial burden, mortality rates, and cosmetic effects, it is a major public health issue.

Maximizing liposome tumor delivery by hybridizing with tumor-derived extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained widespread interest due to their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. EVs are lipidic vesicles comprising vesicles of endosomal origin called exosomes, microvesicles from membrane shedding, and apoptotic bodies from programmed cell death membrane blebbing that carry complex sets of cargo from their cells of origin, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, and DNA. EVs are rich in integrin proteins that facilitate intrinsic cellular communication to deliver their cargo contents and can also be used as biomarkers to study respective cellular conditions.

Electrochemical Sensors for Heavy Metal Ion Detection in Aqueous Medium: A Systematic Review.

Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are very harmful to the ecosystem when they are present in excess of the recommended limits. They are carcinogenic in nature and can cause serious health issues. So, it is important to detect the metal ions quickly and accurately.

Spindle checkpoint activation by fungal orthologs of the S. cerevisiae Mps1 kinase.

There is an ongoing need for antifungal agents to treat humans. Identification of new antifungal agents can be based on screening compounds using whole cell assays. Screening compounds that target a particular molecule is possible in budding yeast wherein sophisticated strain engineering allows for controlled expression of endogenous or heterologous genes.

Synthetic graphene-copper nanocomposites interact with the hACE-2 enzyme and inhibit its biochemical activity.

This study demonstrates the copper nanocomposite-induced enzymatic inhibition of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme-2 (hACE-2) by complex stabilization through the formation of the enzyme nanocomposite. The immediate application of this work is related to ACE-2 as a mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Moreover, ACE-2 enzyme regulation is a potential therapeutic strategy in hypertension and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, lung injury, and fibrotic disorders.

Exoribonuclease RNase R protects Antarctic Lz4W from DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Bacterial exoribonucleases play a crucial role in RNA maturation, degradation, quality control, and turnover. In this study, we have uncovered a previously unknown role of 3'-5' exoribonuclease RNase R of Lz4W in DNA damage and oxidative stress response. Here, we show that neither the exoribonuclease function of RNase R nor its association with the RNA degradosome complex is essential for this function.

Effect of Nanoparticle Weight on the Cellular Uptake and Drug Delivery Potential of PLGA Nanoparticles.

Biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) stand out as a key tool for improving drug bioavailability, reducing the inherent toxicity, and targeting the intended site. Most importantly, the ease of polymer synthesis and its derivatization to add functional properties makes them potentially ideal to fulfill the requirements for intended therapeutic applications. Among many polymers, US FDA-approved poly(l-lactic--glycolic) acid (PLGA) is a widely used biocompatible and biodegradable co-polymer in drug delivery and in implantable biomaterials.

Development and evaluation emulgel for effective management of the imiquimod-induced psoriasis.

Our main aim is in the present investigation, development and evaluation of seabuckthorn oil-based Emulgel formulation for psoriasis therapy. Anti-psoriatic activity of the SeaEmulgel was studied using Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation model Balb/c mice and parameters such as PASI score, ear thickness, spleen to body weight index including histological staining studies, enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), skin compliance and safety evaluation of sea buckthorn oil was performed. The globule size and PDI of sea buckthorn oil emulsion were found to be 172.

Extracellular vesicles production and proteomic cargo varies with incubation time and temperature.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous populations of proteolipid bi-layered vesicles secreted by cells as an important biological process. EVs cargo can reflect the cellular environmental conditions in which cells grow. The use of serum-free conditioned media to harvest EVs leads to stress-mediated cellular changes with longer incubation time and impacts EV production and functionality.

An emerging method in evaluation of reduced fetal movements using cerebroplacental ratio: A prospective case-control study.

Aim: Nearly half of the patients with stillbirths experience reduced fetal movements (RFM) in the preceding week. The standardized evaluation will help reduce stillbirths. Placental dysfunction is the underlying pathophysiology for RFM and low cerebroplacental ratio (CPR).

A Bimodal Nanosensor for Probing Influenza Fusion Protein Activity Using Magnetic Relaxation.

Viral fusion is a critical step in the entry pathway of enveloped viruses and remains a viable target for antiviral exploration. The current approaches for studying fusion mechanisms include ensemble fusion assays, high-resolution cryo-TEM, and single-molecule fluorescence-based methods. While these methods have provided invaluable insights into the dynamic events underlying fusion processes, they come with their own limitations.

Primary Congenital Glaucoma: Trends in Presentation Over 3 Decades at a Tertiary Eye Care Center in India.

Precis: In this study, huge time delay was observed between first primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) symptom recognition by parents to ophthalmological diagnosis and this delay was unchanged over time. Bilateral affliction and mean presenting intraocular pressure (IOP) remained unaltered.

Purpose: To compare the trends in presentation of patients with PCG over 3 different time periods at 10-year intervals (1998, 2008, and 2018) managed by a single surgeon at one of the largest tertiary eye care centers in South India.

Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Varying Aspect Ratios of Gold Nanorods in HeLa Cells.

Gold nanorods (GNRs) have received broad attention due to their tunable surface plasmonic resonance modes, which make them an attractive candidate for biomedical applications in drug and gene delivery, biological imaging, and cancer treatment. In this study, we highlight the interactions of four different aspect ratios (ARs), 2.6, 3.

The extruded non-template strand determines the architecture of R-loops.

Three-stranded R-loop structures have been associated with genomic instability phenotypes. What underlies their wide-ranging effects on genome stability remains poorly understood. Here we combined biochemical and atomic force microscopy approaches with single molecule R-loop footprinting to demonstrate that R-loops formed at the model Airn locus in vitro adopt a defined set of three-dimensional conformations characterized by distinct shapes and volumes, which we call R-loop objects.

Nanomedicine-Assisted Combination Therapy of NSCLC: New Platinum-Based Anticancer Drug Synergizes the Therapeutic Efficacy of Ganetespib.

K-RAS is the most common mutated oncogene associated with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). So far, there are no promising chemotherapies for the direct inhibition of K-RAS, and considered to be undruggable. In this work, we have introduced a new platinum-based cyanoximate complex, Pt(MCO) as an anti-cancer drug to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Hsp90 inhibitor drug, ganetespib for the combination therapy of NSCLC.

Interplay between DNA sequence and negative superhelicity drives R-loop structures.

R-loops are abundant three-stranded nucleic-acid structures that form during transcription. Experimental evidence suggests that R-loop formation is affected by DNA sequence and topology. However, the exact manner by which these factors interact to determine R-loop susceptibility is unclear.

Design and Synthesis of New Sulfur-Containing Hyperbranched Polymer and Theranostic Nanomaterials for Bimodal Imaging and Treatment of Cancer.

In this study, we have synthesized a new hyperbranched polyester polymer containing sulfur-pendants (HBPE-S) in the branching points. This HBPE-S polymer is composed of spherical shaped, aliphatic three-dimensional architecture with carboxylic acid groups on the surface. The presence of sulfur pendants in the polymeric cavities demonstrated important role in the effective encapsulation of Bi-DOTA complexes ([Bi] = 5.

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to both waterborne and foodborne illnesses, and remains a threat despite the food- and water-screening methods used currently. While conventional bacterial detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can specifically detect pathogenic contaminants, they require extensive sample preparation and lengthy waiting periods. In addition, these practices demand sophisticated laboratory instruments and settings, and must be executed by trained professionals.

RNase II regulates RNase PH and is essential for cell survival during starvation and stationary phase.

RNase II is the most active exoribonuclease in cell extracts. Yet, its removal appears to have no deleterious effect on growing cells. Here, we show that RNase II is required for cell survival during prolonged stationary phase and upon starvation.

Combination Therapy of NSCLC Using Hsp90 Inhibitor and Doxorubicin Carrying Functional Nanoceria.

K-RAS driven non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a major cause of death among smokers. Recently, nanotechnology has introduced novel avenues for the diagnosis and personalized treatment options for cancer. Herein, we report a novel, multifunctional nanoceria platform loaded with a unique combination of two therapeutic drugs, doxorubicin (Doxo) and Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib (GT), for the diagnosis and effective treatment of NSCLC.

Novel magnetic relaxation nanosensors: an unparalleled "spin" on influenza diagnosis.

Rapid detection and diagnosis of pathogenic strains of influenza is necessary for expedited treatment and quicker resolutions to the ever-rising flu pandemics. Considering this, we propose the development of novel magnetic relaxation nanosensors (MRnS) for the rapid detection of influenza through targeted binding with hemagglutinin. 2,6- and 2,3-sialic acid ligands and entry blocker peptides are conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles to create functional MRnS.

Multiparametric Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensors for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 presents a serious threat to human health and sanitation and is a leading cause in many food- and waterborne ailments. While conventional bacterial detection methods such as PCR, fluorescent immunoassays and ELISA exhibit high sensitivity and specificity, they are relatively laborious and require sophisticated instruments. In addition, these methods often demand extensive sample preparation and have lengthy readout times.

Elucidation of pathways of ribosomal RNA degradation: an essential role for RNase E.

Although normally stable in growing cells, ribosomal RNAs are degraded under conditions of stress, such as starvation, and in response to misassembled or otherwise defective ribosomes in a process termed RNA quality control. Previously, our laboratory found that large fragments of 16S and 23S rRNA accumulate in strains lacking the processive exoribonucleases RNase II, RNase R, and PNPase, implicating these enzymes in the later steps of rRNA breakdown. Here, we define the pathways of rRNA degradation in the quality control process and during starvation, and show that the essential endoribonuclease, RNase E, is required to make the initial cleavages in both degradative processes.

Association of TNFα, IFNγ, and IL10 gene polymorphisms and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer in the population of the South Indian state of Telangana.

Background: Cytokine-mediated inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes and their association with lung cancer in the Indian population have not been reported.

Methods: For the first time, we analyzed genetic polymorphisms of TNFα , IFNγ , and IL10 genes in 246 NSCLC patients and 250 healthy controls in the South Indian population from Telangana using ARMS PCR.