Varying strength of selection contributes to the intragenomic diversity of rRNA genes.

Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes is supported by hundreds of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies that are encoded in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The multiple copies of rRNA genes are thought to have low sequence diversity within one species. Here, we present species-wide rDNA sequence analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that challenges this view.

[Reconstruction of caval veins].

Objective: To study the possibilities and results of reconstruction of caval veins.

Material And Methods: We analyzed the results of reconstruction of caval veins in 31 patients (19 men and 12 women) including superior vena cava (SVC) in 5 cases and inferior vena cava (IVC) in 26 cases. Penetrating wounds with vascular damage were found in 8 patients.

Histone Tails Promote PARP1-Dependent Structural Rearrangements in Nucleosomes.

PARP 1 alters the wrapping of nucleosomal DNA on the histone octamer, thereby modulating the accessibility of different genome sites to nuclear protein factors. Here, we show that non-structured histone tails are involved in the PARP1-induced structural rearrangements in nucleosomes, facilitate and stabilize them, but do not affect the enzymatic activity of PARP1.

Unfolding of core nucleosomes by PARP-1 revealed by spFRET microscopy.

DNA accessibility to various protein complexes is essential for various processes in the cell and is affected by nucleosome structure and dynamics. Protein factor PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1) increases the accessibility of DNA in chromatin to repair proteins and transcriptional machinery, but the mechanism and extent of this chromatin reorganization are unknown. Here we report on the effects of PARP-1 on single nucleosomes revealed by spFRET (single-particle Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) microscopy.

[Method in vivo study of the microcirculation in rat lung using a modified technique].

A modifed technique that allows in vivo study microcirculation in the rat lungs using a special camera. Feature of the method is stable fixation of lung tissue, which prevents its displacement during the study. Imaged surface of the lung tissue (alveoli with surrounding them on all sides capillaries).

[Present-day possibilities of surgical management of tumour-like forms of arteriovenous angiodysplasias].

Described herein is the treatment policy pursued in a relatively uncommonly encountered variant of congenital vascular pathology, i. e. arteriovenous angiodysplasias.

[Anticoagulant therapy in comprehensive treatment of acute thrombosis of lower-limb deep veins].

The authors analysed the findings of examination and treatment of 61 patients presenting with acute thrombophlebitis of lower-limb deep veins, also investigating the risk factors for the development of acute thrombophlebitis. Of these, 54 (88.5%) patients were found to have various risk factors.

[The efficacy of arterio-venous fistulas in the treatment diffuse arterial diseases].

The experience of treatment of 32 patients with diffuse peripheral arterial diseases was analyzed. All patients underwent the by-pass surgery with the formation of unloading arterio-venous fistulas. Indications to the formation of A-V fistula was the high peripheral resistance of the vascular wall.

Lymphostimulating activity of agents used in lung pathologies.

Lymphostimulating effects of antibiotics and diuretics most commonly used in pulmonology were investigated under conditions of intravital biomicroscopy of the small intestinal mesenterium in rats. Results of the study demonstrated weak or no activation of lymph circulation under the influence of the test agents in comparison with direct-action peptide lymphostimulators.

[Substantiation of surgical decision making in congenital lesions involving the inguinal major vessels n injection drug abusers].

The article is dedicated to surgical policy pursued in lesions involving femoral major vessels in the inguinal region, having developed due to long-term abuse of injection narcotic drugs. Analysed herein are the outcomes of surgical management of thirty-one patients presenting with a pulsating haematoma and inguinal pseudoaneurysms of post-injection aetiology. According to the authors' opinion, choosing the appropriate scope of the would-be operation is too complicated largely due to peculiarities of the pyo-necrotic process in this zone.

[Surgical treatment of cervical rib syndrome].

The authors report herein the results of examination and surgical management of fifty-one patients presenting with cervical ribs. Of these, there were 33 women. Compression of the neurovascular bundle (NVB) was found to be caused by a supplementary cervical rib in twenty-three patients while in the remaining 28 patients by a rudimentary cervical rib.

[Methods of operative interventions in postthrombotic disease of the crus].

Analysed herein are the findings of examination and outcomes of surgical management of 43 patients presenting with crural postthrombotic disease. Of these, eighteen patients were diagnosed as having stage II chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and the remaining 25 had stage III CVI. All the patients had previously experienced acute thrombosis of deep crural veins.

[Falconer-Weddel's costoclavicular syndrome].

Analysed herein are the findings of examination and outcomes of surgical management of fifty-eight patients (25 men and 33 women) presenting with Falconer-Weddel's costoclavicular syndrome in which the subclavian artery and vein and the brachial plexus at the thoracic outlet appear to be compressed. Of the 58 patients,five subjects were found to have a rudimentary cervical rib and three more (5.3%) patients had trophic disorders on their digits fingers: dystrophy of the nail plates, their fragility, periodically opening trophic ulcers at the digital tips and one patient presented with gangrene of the inguinal phalanx of the middle finger.

[Successful surgical repair of aortic arch torsion and aneurysm].

Described herein is a rarely encountered in clinical practice case regarding surgical management of pathological tortuosity of the aortic arch with a simultaneously present aneurysm thereof. The defect was surgically corrected in the setting of extracorporeal circulation. The tortuous and aneurysmatic aortic arch was resected within the boundaries of the healthy tissues, duly followed by establishing an end-to-end anastomosis between the edges of the resected aorta.

[Successful surgical treatment of veritable internal carotid aneurysm due king-king].

In the report authors had shown the clinical observation (case) of surgical treatment of the patient with veritable lateral aneurysm of right internal carotid artery appeared due of its king-king.

[Reconstructive operations in unilateral occlusions of the iliac vein].

Analysed herein are the findings of the examination and outcomes of surgical management of 48 patients with unilateral occlusion of the iliac veins. Of these, grade I chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) was observed in 12 patients and grade II SVI in 28 subjects. Grade III CVI's with trophic ulcers were diagnosed in 8 patients.

Revascularization in distal lesions of upper extremity arteries.

A study was made of the course of ischemia and hemodynamic disorders in 53 patients with occlusion of the distal arterial system of the upper extremities. Circulation was examined by ultrasound Doppler, tetrapolar rheology, transcutaneous oxymetry and angiography. Critical ischemia was discovered in 58.

[Surgical management of thromboses and aneurysms of the reconstructed vessels].

This paper analyses the results of reoperations in 52 patients with thromboses (n=42) and aneurysms (n=10) of the reconstructed vessels. The main causes of their development were progression of vascular disease and suppuration of a surgical wound. No relationship was established between complications and the type of suture materials.

[The place of vascular surgery in the treatment of cancer patients].

The aim of the present work was to analyze the reported data related to the diagnostic potential of delineating the degree of blood vessel involvement into the tumorous process in patients with cancer diseases of varying sites and to the choice of the method for surgical treatment of this group patients. Half century ago an idea was advanced of the necessity of performing vascular operations during evacuation of tumors of certain sites. Based on the analysis of numerous publications the authors have established that the lowering of the lethality and improvement of the quality of life in patients with oncopathology are determined in many respects by one-stage operations performed on the great vessels, allowing to broaden the indications for tumor resection.

Traumatic injuries of the popliteal and tibial arteries: limb ischemia and problems of surgical management.

This paper analyzes the results of examination of 106 patients with traumatic injuries of the popliteal (n=36) and leg arteries (n=70) including gunshot (n=48), punctured and incized (n=32), contused-crushed (n=17) wounds and blunt (n=9) traumas. Sixty-two patients were admitted within 8 hours of injury and 20 within 8 to 24 hours, 24 patients within 1 to 15 days. Sixty-five patients had been rendered first aid at other medical institutions.

[Surgeries on major vessels in removal of different tumors].

Experience in diagnosis and surgical treatment of 49 patients with tumors of different localization close to their major with main vessels is analyzed. Two variants of tumor - vessel interrelation were seen, patients with iatrogenic vascular lesions were included into a separate group. In 9 patients (group 1) only extravasal compression by the tumor was seen.

Surgical strategy for combined wounds of vessels and internal organs.

Surgical strategy and outcomes were analysed for 51 patients with combined wounds of internal organs and major blood vessels, with total 87 organ and 65 vessel injures. In 29 cases intracavity vessels were injured, in 22 - peripheral ones. In 47 cases (92.

[Surgical strategy in traumatic lesions of the popliteal artery].

An examination and treatment of 32 patients with injured popliteal arteries are analyzed. Among the etiological factors there were gunshot wounds (16), crushed (4), punctured-incised (7) and blunt (7) traumas. Combined injuries of the popliteal vein were diagnosed in 12 patients, and injuries of the bones--in 16 patients.

Surgical management of traumatic injuries to the tibial arteries.

Altogether 60 patients with traumatic injuries to the tibial arteries were entered into the study. Twenty-four patients presented with gunshot, 24 with stab and incised, 10 with contused and lacerated wounds, and 2 patients had blunt traumas. Thirty-nine patients were admitted to the clinic within the period as long as 8 hours since the time of wounding, 9 patients within 8 to 24 hours, and 12 patients within the period as long as one to 15 days.