Exosomal MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: Unveiling Their Role and Pioneering Tools for Diagnosis and Treatment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents a significant health concern, often leading to substantial cognitive decline among older adults. A prominent feature of AD is progressive dementia, which eventually disrupts daily functioning and the ability to live independently. A major challenge in addressing AD is its prolonged pre-symptomatic phase, which makes early detection difficult.

The clinical utility of handgrip strength as a malnutrition screening tool in hospitalized older adults: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalized older patients. Early identification is therefore essential to implementing appropriate therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to explore the correlation between handgrip strength (HGS) and nutritional status in hospitalized older adults.

Exploring the correlates of frailty among hospitalized older adults: A cross-sectional study in a Saudi teaching hospital.

Frailty is an important public health concern associated with aging. It increases the risk of adverse clinical outcomes, such as falls, late-life dependency, hospitalization, disability, and mortality. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of frailty and to identify factors associated with frailty among older adults (≥65 years) admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Young-onset dementia following chronic abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants.

Young-onset dementia (YOD) is influenced by various risk factors, including substance abuse. In this report, we present the case of a 54-year-old man who developed YOD following prolonged abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants. The patient exhibited insidious cognitive decline over a three-year period before seeking medical attention.

Comprehensive mapping of mutations in TDP-43 and α-Synuclein that affect stability and binding.

Abnormal aggregation and amyloid inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and α-Synuclein (α-Syn) are frequently co-observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Several reports showed TDP-43 C-terminal domain (CTD) and α-Syn interact with each other and the aggregates of these two proteins colocalized together in different cellular and animal models. Molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to elucidate the stability of the TDP-43 and Syn complex structure.

Toxic trespassers: Uncovering phthalates and organophosphate flame retardants in children's rooms and their health implications.

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPEs) and phthalates have garnered significant attention due to their widespread presence in indoor environments. Many recent investigations have reported extensive contamination of indoor dust, air, children's toys, and other environmental compartments with these chemicals. This research aimed to analyze OPEs and phthalates in air (PM10) and dust samples collected from the bedrooms of children (N = 30) residing in various households in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Alzheimer's Behavioral and Psychiatric Burden in Saudi Arabia: Validation of the Saudi Version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.

Background: The burden of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in dementia (BPSD) has not been characterized in Saudi patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Moreover, the Saudi version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (SNPI) has not been validated.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate the SNPI and describe frequency and determinants of BPSD in Saudi AD patients.

Systematic review and pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Methods and quality assessment.

Objectives: To describe variations in characteristics of randomized controlled trials conducted in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, and critically appraising the quality of design, conduct and analysis of the trials.

Methods: We carried out a systematically comprehensive electronic search of articles published between 1990 and 2018 and indexed in several databases: i) MEDLINE/PubMed, ii) EMBASE, iii) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), iv) ClinicalTrials.gov, and v) World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

Falls and correlations among community-dwelling older adults: A Cross-sectional study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Falls are one of the major health issues faced by older adults, and they can result in physical harm, eventual loss of independence, and even death. Herein, we investigated the prevalence, alongside the main risk factors and resulting injuries, of falls among older adults.

Methods: We employed a descriptive cross-sectional approach.

Profiling of phthalates, brominated, and organophosphate flame retardants in COVID-19 lockdown house dust; implication on the human health.

In this study, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), phthalates, and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) were analyzed in indoor household dust collected during the COVID-19 related strict lockdown (April-July 2020) period. Floor dust samples were collected from 40 households in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The levels of most of the analyzed chemicals were visibly high and for certain chemicals multifold high in analyzed samples compared to earlier studies on indoor dust from Jeddah.

Predictors of Mortality in Home Health Care Service: Data from Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study aimed to 1) report the prevalence of chronic conditions among Saudi people receiving long-term home health care (HHC) services, 2) identify the predictors of mortality among individuals receiving long-term HHC services, and 3) study the association between frailty and poor health outcomes among HHC users.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study.

Setting And Participants: A total of 555 participants were recruited from HHC services at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Smart Health System to Detect Dementia Disorders Using Virtual Reality.

Smart health technology includes physical sensors, intelligent sensors, and output advice to help monitor patients' health and adjust their behavior. Virtual reality (VR) plays an increasingly larger role to improve health outcomes, being used in a variety of medical specialties including robotic surgery, diagnosis of some difficult diseases, and virtual reality pain distraction for severe burn patients. Smart VR health technology acts as a decision support system in the diseases diagnostic test of patients as they perform real world tasks in virtual reality (e.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Dust Collected during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Saudi Arabia: Status, Sources and Human Health Risks.

To control the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Saudi Arabia's government imposed a strict lockdown during March-July 2020. As a result, the public was confined to indoors, and most of their daily activities were happening in their indoor places, which might have resulted in lower indoor environment quality. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in household dust ( = 40) collected from different residential districts of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the lockdown period.

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores do not accurately estimate depression prevalence: individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objectives: Depression symptom questionnaires are not for diagnostic classification. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores ≥10 are nonetheless often used to estimate depression prevalence. We compared PHQ-9 ≥10 prevalence to Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCID) major depression prevalence and assessed whether an alternative PHQ-9 cutoff could more accurately estimate prevalence.

Metabolic syndrome among adults with type 2 diabetes in a Saudi teaching hospital: A comparative prevalence study using WHO and ATP III definitions.

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global health concern and is a reliable predictor of long-term adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and its components in a group of Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes using the World Health Organization (WHO) and Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III definitions, and to examine agreement between both definitions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included adults with type 2 diabetes who were followed up at the family medicine and endocrinology clinics of King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) from January to March 2018.

A low dose of risperidone resolved Charles Bonnet syndrome after an unsuccessful trial of quetiapine: a case report.

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a diagnosis of exclusion. Typical affected patients have impaired visual acuity, vivid recurring visual hallucinations, and no cognitive impairment. Vision loss is most commonly due to macular degeneration, although many other causes exist.

Delirium and correlates of delirium among newly admitted elderly patients: a cross-sectional study in a Saudi general hospital.

Background: Delirium is a common, often undiagnosed disorder in elderly patients, but no studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of delirium among elderly patients on admission and to identify associated factors.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among hospitalized elderly patients in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Malnutrition is a nutritional disorder that adversely affects the body from a functional or clinical perspective. It is very often observed in the elderly population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized elderly patients and its associated factors and outcomes in terms of length of stay and mortality in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Depression and associated factors in hospitalized elderly: a cross-sectional study in a Saudi teaching hospital.

Background: Depression in the elderly is a serious and often underdiagnosed psychiatric disorder that has been linked to adverse outcomes in the hospital setting.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression and possible associated factors among hospitalized elderly.

Design: An analytical cross-sectional study.

Strategies to overcome barriers to implementing osteoporosis and fracture prevention guidelines in long-term care: a qualitative analysis of action plans suggested by front line staff in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Osteoporosis is a major global health problem, especially among long-term care (LTC) facilities. Despite the availability of effective clinical guidelines to prevent osteoporosis and bone fractures, few LTC homes actually adhere to these practical recommendations. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practices for osteoporosis and fracture prevention in LTC facilities and elicit practical strategies to address these barriers.

Knowledge of the residents at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) about palliative care.

Background: Palliative care is a rapidly growing subspecialty that aims at improving the quality of life and relieving suffering associated with life threatening disease. Despite its rapid growth and huge demand, the knowledge of health care professionals on palliative care remains inadequate.

Objective: This study aims to determine the knowledge of residents at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) on palliative care.