Prostate cancer clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related death in men. In an era of evidence-based medicine, clinical trials play a critical role, and adherence to best practices is crucial in managing complicated and non-communicable diseases, such as prostate cancer. For this reason, extrapolating research conducted in high-income countries (HICs) to low-middle-income countries (LMICs) may lead to incorrect findings or treatment plans for patients in these areas.

Trimodal therapy versus radical cystectomy for cT2N0M0 urothelial muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Single-center experience.

Background: Bladder cancer is ranked the ninth most common cancer in the world. Locally, the incidence of bladder cancer has increased tenfold over the past 26 years. Radical cystectomy (RC) is considered a gold standard management option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but trimodal therapy (TMT) has shown comparable oncological outcomes in selected patients.

Women as Urologists in Saudi Arabia: Career Choice and Practice Challenges: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: There is limited research on whether women choose urology as a future career. Therefore, we aimed in this study to assess the influencing and challenging factors among female physicians in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: We approached 552 female physicians, including 29 (5.

Pathological and clinical outcomes of adrenalectomy: A multi-center experience in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To determine the nature of adrenal pathology in patients undergoing adrenalectomy in Saudi Arabia over the last decade and compare it with the literature. We compared perioperative outcomes between minimally invasive adrenalectomy (MIA) and open adrenalectomy (OA).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent adrenalectomy at five tertiary care centers in Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2020.

Evaluation of the urology residency training program in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study evaluates the satisfaction of urology residents with the Saudi Board of Urology (SBU) Training Program and identifies areas of weakness and strength to improve the educational environment, surgical competency, and overall satisfaction of urology residents with the program.

Methods: We administered an electronic self-made questionnaire that included two sections. One comprised demographic data (age, gender, weight, height, marital status, level of training, city of training, and center of training), while the other concerned SBU evaluation (satisfaction with different aspects of training, such as ways of assessment, mentors' feedback, surgical competency, research, and strengths and weaknesses of SBU).

Testicular fibroma: A case report and literature review.

Sex cord-stromal tumors are the second most common testicular tumors after germ cell tumors. They account for about 2%-5% of adult testicular tumors. Most of these tumors are benign.

Urethral clear cell carcinoma - Case report and review of litrature.

Urethral clear cell carcinoma is very rare disease affecting both sexes, however it is mostly described in female urethra. The origin of this cancer is yet to be discovered. We report a 57 years old lady who presented to our clinic with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and found to have a urethral diverticulum containing a soft tissue lesion found to be a clear cell carcinoma after excision.

Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in Low-Volume Regions: Should It Be Abandoned or Adopted? A Multi-Institutional Outcome Study.

To present multinational experience in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) by fellowship-trained expertise in low-volume regions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and to compare the current results with global outcomes reported in recent meta-analyses. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed for patients undergoing RARP for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Three fellowship-trained surgeons at four academic and referral centers in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait performed all procedures between February 2014 and December 2019.

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with abnormal inguinal metastasis: A case report.

Bladder cancer metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes is a rare event. We report a case of a 73 years old male patient, known case of hypertension, diabetes, and bladder cancer. He was admitted to King Faisal Specialist Hospital (KFSHRC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia under urology department.

The perception and competency of undergraduates in urology: Is the clinical exposure necessary?

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate medical students' perception, choices of future career, and competency in urology.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed among 5, 6, and 7(interns) year medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences using both hard copies and soft copies. Major outcomes were medical students' perception, future career decision, and core skills in urology.

The grasper-integrated disposable flexible cystoscope is comparable to the reusable, flexible cystoscope for the detection of bladder cancer.

Flexible cystoscopy under local anaesthesia is standard for the surveillance of bladder cancer. Frequently, several reusable cystoscopes fail to reprocess. With the new grasper incorporated single-use cystoscope for retrieval of ureteric stents, we explored the feasibility of using it off-label for diagnosis and the detection of bladder cancer.

BRCA2 gene mutation and prostate cancer risk. Comprehensive review and update.

The second most common type of tumor worldwide is prostate cancer (PCa). Certain genetic factors contribute to a risk of developing PCa of as much as 40%. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have linked with an increased risk for breast, ovarian, and PCa.

Does fasting in Ramadan increase the risk of developing urinary stones?

Objectives: To explore the frequency of renal colic (RC) secondary to urinary stones in Ramadan compared to other months and seasons of the year.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study using medical records of 237 patients admitted through the emergency room (ER) with a diagnosis of RC secondary to urinary stones over a 10-year period at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Results: Patients fasting in Ramadan are 2 times more likely to present with a calculus of ureter as opposed to calculus in another location in the urinary tract, particularly when the holy month of Ramadan falls in the summer season.

Kidney cancer in Saudi Arabia. A 25-year analysis of epidemiology and risk factors in a tertiary center.

Objectives: To evaluate available epidemiological data and risk factors for kidney cancer in a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 25 years.

Methods: This retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care center included all adult patients with primary kidney cancer who presented and were managed between 1990 and 2015. Based on this information, we forecast the incidence of the disease in our center over the next 5 years (2016 to 2020).

Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urology Association combined clinical management guidelines for prostate cancer 2017.

This is an update to the previously published Saudi guidelines for the evaluation and medical and surgical management of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is categorized according to the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system 7 edition. The guidelines are presented with supporting evidence levels based on a comprehensive literature review, several internationally recognized guidelines, and the collective expertise of the guidelines committee members (authors) who were selected by the Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urological Association.

Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urology Association combined clinical management guidelines for urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder 2017.

This is an update to the previously published Saudi guidelines for the evaluation and medical/surgical management of patients diagnosed with urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. It is categorized according to the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system, 7 edition. The guidelines are presented with their accompanying supporting evidence level, which is based on comprehensive literature review, several internationally recognized guidelines, and the collective expertise of the guidelines committee members (authors) who were selected by the Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urological Association.

Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urology Association combined clinical management guidelines for renal cell carcinoma 2017.

In this report, we update the previously published Saudi guidelines for the evaluation and medical and surgical management of renal cell carcinoma. It is categorized according to the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system 7 edition. The recommendations are presented with supporting evidence level.

Epidemiology profile of renal cell carcinoma: A 10-year patients' experience at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile, histopathological features, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a tertiary referral center over 10 years.

Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort of 219 Saudi patients diagnosed with RCC between June 2003 and May 2013. The variables collected included the sociodemographic details and clinical presentation.

Characteristics of bladder neoplasms in the young population of Saudi Arabia.

Context: Bladder neoplasms are a well-studied subject in medicine. However, the evidence of bladder neoplasms in children and the young adult population (≤40 years), particularly in Saudi Arabia, is lacking.

Aims: The aims of this study were to identify histopathological characteristics as well as clinical features, prognosis, and treatment of bladder neoplasms in this age group in a single tertiary referral center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the kidney: A case report.

This is a 15-year-old female who presented with sudden onset left flank pain associated with nausea and vomiting and a history of weight loss. Radiological investigation revealed a large non-obstructive tumor involving the lower pole of the left kidney which was primarily thought to be a renal cell carcinoma. She underwent left open radical nephrectomy with adrenalectomy.

The prevalence of urinary tract infection, or urosepsis following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in a subset of the Saudi population and patterns of susceptibility to flouroquinolones.

Objectives: To study the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI), or sepsis secondary to trans-rectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate, the pathogens involved, and patterns of antibiotic resistance in a cohort of patients.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent elective TRUS biopsy at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2012 and December 2014. All patients who underwent the TRUS guided prostate biopsy were prescribed the standard prophylactic antibiotics.

Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urology Association combined clinical management guidelines for testicular germ cell tumors.

This is an update to the previously published Saudi guidelines for the evaluation, medical, and surgical management of patients diagnosed with testicular germ cell tumors. It is categorized according to the stage of the disease using the tumor-node-metastasis staging system 7(th) edition. The guidelines are presented with supporting evidence level, they are based on comprehensive literature review, several internationally recognized guidelines, and the collective expertise of the guidelines committee members (authors) who were selected by the Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urological Association.

Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urology Association combined clinical management guidelines for renal cell carcinoma.

This is an update to the previously published Saudi guidelines for the evaluation, medical, and surgical management of patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is categorized according to the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system 7(th) edition. The guidelines are presented with supporting evidence level, they are based on comprehensive literature review, several internationally recognized guidelines, and the collective expertise of the guidelines committee members (authors) who were selected by the Saudi Oncology Society and Saudi Urological Association.