Mapping climate change interaction with human health through DPSIR framework: Qatar perspective.

This study investigates the interactions between climate change and human health with a particular focus on Qatar, using the DPSIR (Driving Forces, Pressures, States, Impacts, Responses) framework. Key drivers, including economic development and population growth, contribute to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exerting pressure on Qatar's climate through rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, as modeled by the MIT Regional Climate Model (MRCM). The findings reveal critical gaps in understanding the state of climate-health interactions, including insufficient disease data, incomplete climate-health linkages, and significant research gaps.

An epidemiological risk assessment of imported malaria cases and potential local transmission in Qatar.

Preventing local transmission of malaria from imported cases is crucial for achieving and maintaining malaria elimination. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases and assess the distribution of malaria vectors in Qatar. Data from January 2016 to December 2022 on imported malaria, including demographic and epidemiological characteristics, travel-related information, and diagnostic results, were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics.

The efficacy of egg albumin nanoparticles adjuvanted Clostridium perfringens type D toxoid vaccine in rabbits.

Epsilon toxin (ETX) is an exotoxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D that induces enterotoxaemia or necrotic intestinal infection in small ruminants and bovine. Immunization is an essential element in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. In recent literature, nanocarriers have exhibited the capacity to deliver protection, stability, and regulated distribution properties to protein-based antigens.

Ultrasound Blood-Brain Barrier Opening and Aducanumab in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge in treating Alzheimer's disease, as it restricts the delivery of therapeutic medications to brain tissue. Reversible breaking of the BBB using low-intensity focused ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may benefit patients with Alzheimer's disease and other neurological illnesses, such as brain tumors, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. This systematic study and meta-analysis aimed to assess aducanumab and the ultrasonography of BBB opening in Alzheimer's patients.

Cyanotoxin accumulation and growth patterns of biocrust communities under variable environmental conditions.

Biocrusts dominate the soil surface in deserts and are composed of diverse microbial communities that provide important ecosystem services. Cyanobacteria in biocrusts produce many secondary metabolites, including the neurotoxins BMAA, AEG, DAB, anatoxin-a() (guanitoxin), and the microcystin hepatotoxins, all known or suspected to cause disease or illness in humans and other animals. We examined cyanobacterial growth and prevalence of these toxins in biocrusts at millimeter-scales, under a desert-relevant illumination gradient.

Recapitulation of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Prevalence in Small Ruminant Populations of Pakistan from 2004 to 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an extremely transmissible viral disease caused by the PPR virus that impacts domestic small ruminants, namely sheep and goats. This study aimed to employ a methodical approach to evaluate the regional occurrence of PPR in small ruminants in Pakistan and the contributing factors that influence its prevalence. A thorough search was performed in various databases to identify published research articles between January 2004 and August 2023 on PPR in small ruminants in Pakistan.

Advances in the targeted theragnostics of osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Bone infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus may lead to an inflammatory condition called osteomyelitis, which results in progressive bone loss. Biofilm formation, intracellular survival, and the ability of S. aureus to evade the immune response result in recurrent and persistent infections that present significant challenges in treating osteomyelitis.

Clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of ESBL-producing bloodstream infections from Qatar.

Background: Resistant infections are a major global public health challenge particularly for multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates manifesting as bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Objectives: To evaluate clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing BSIs from Qatar.

Methods: Phenotypic ESBL from adult patients presenting with positive BSIs were collected between January 2019 to May 2020.

Epidemiology, Clinical, and Microbiological Characteristics of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Qatar.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global healthcare threat with significant clinical and economic consequences peaking at secondary and tertiary care hospitals where multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR GNB) lead to poor outcomes. A prospective study was conducted between January and December 2019 for all invasive bloodstream infections (BSIs) secondary to MDR GNB in Qatar identified during routine microbiological service to examine their clinical, microbiological, and genomic characteristics. Out of 3238 episodes of GNB BSIs, the prevalence of MDR GNB was 13% (429/3238).

Molecular identification of different toxinogenic strains of and histo-pathological observations of camels died of per-acute entero-toxaemia.

Enterotoxaemia is a severe disease caused by and render high mortality and huge economic losses in livestock. However, scanty information and only few cases are reported about the presence and patho-physiology of enterotoxaemia in camels. The bacterium induces per-acute death in animals due to rapid production of different lethal toxins.

Comparative Molecular Virulence Typing and Antibiotic Resistance of Species at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface.

This study holds significant importance due to its focus on , the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, responsible for ∼96 million cases each year. By investigating the prevalence of both and in humans, animals, and the environment, this research sheds light on the broader impact of these pathogens, which can harm both human and animal populations. Traditional microbiological methods were implemented followed by optimized multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rDNA and virulence gene markers by using specific primers.

Immune Mediators Important for a Protective Secondary Response to .

() is a tick-transmitted protozoan parasite that invades red blood cells. It is the primary cause of human babesiosis in the US. The severity of babesiosis caused by infection can range from asymptomatic to fatal.

SHoC-IVC: Does assessment of the inferior vena cava by point-of-care ultrasound independently predict fluid status in spontaneously breathing patients with undifferentiated hypotension?

Background: Accurately determining the fluid status of a patient during resuscitation in the emergency department (ED) helps guide appropriate fluid administration in the setting of undifferentiated hypotension. Our goal was to determine the diagnostic utility of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) for inferior vena cava (IVC) size and collapsibility in predicting a volume overload fluid status in spontaneously breathing hypotensive ED patients.

Methods: This was a post hoc secondary analysis of the SHOC-ED data, a prospective randomized controlled trial investigating PoCUS in patients with undifferentiated hypotension.

Prevalence and genetic characterization of clinically relevant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.

Introduction: Among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), (), such as () and (), are the most clinically relevant pathogens in healthcare settings. Infections secondary to these pathogens are widely common but multidrug resistance (MDR) in has become a significant challenge with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of management. The escalating global prevalence of MDR in has led to limited treatment options, raising an urgent need for novel antimicrobial therapy(s) and detailed studies exploring underlying resistance mechanisms.

Roadmap for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension in the Middle East: Review of the 2022 EVIDENT Summit.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension are leading risk factors for death and disability in the Middle East. Both conditions are highly prevalent, underdiagnosed and poorly controlled, highlighting an urgent need for a roadmap to overcome the barriers to optimal glycaemic and blood pressure management in this region. This review provides a summary of the Evidence in Diabetes and Hypertension Summit (EVIDENT) held in September 2022, which discussed current treatment guidelines, unmet clinical needs and strategies to improve treatment outcomes for patients with T2DM and hypertension in the Middle East.

Nano-Silica Bubbled Structure Based Durable and Flexible Superhydrophobic Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Extensive Functional Applications.

Nanoscale surface roughness has conventionally been induced by using complicated approaches; however, the homogeneity of superhydrophobic surface and hazardous pollutants continue to have existing challenges that require a solution. As a prospective solution, a novel bubbled-structured silica nanoparticle (SiO) decorated electrospun polyurethane (PU) nanofibrous membrane (SiO@PU-NFs) was prepared through a synchronized electrospinning and electrospraying process. The SiO@PU-NFs nanofibrous membrane exhibited a nanoscale hierarchical surface roughness, attributed to excellent superhydrophobicity.

Effect of sacubitril-valsartan on the incidence of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis.

Introduction: Sacubitril/valsartan reduces all-cause mortality in heart failure (HF) patients compared to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). ACEIs/ARBs have been shown to decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized sacubitril-valsartan decreases the incidence of AF compared to ACEis/ARBs.

Pattern of rifampicin resistance and gene xpert based molecular typing of tuberculosis patients in tertiary care hospitals.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated morbidity, mortality and drug resistance is a global health issue. The Gene Xpert is used for early diagnosis of TB and simultaneous detection of Rifampicin (RIF) resistance. We aimed to determine situation analysis of clinical TB in tertiary care hospitals of Faisalabad and to find out frequency of TB and drug resistance pattern by Gene Xpert.

Soil Properties Correlate with Microbial Community Structure in Qatari Arid Soils.

This is the first detailed characterization of the microbiota and chemistry of different arid habitats from the State of Qatar. Analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that in aggregate, the dominant microbial phyla were (32.3%), (24.

Assessing the impact of climate conditions on the distribution of mosquito species in Qatar.

Qatar is a peninsular country with predominantly hot and humid weather, with 88% of the total population being immigrants. As such, it leaves the country liable to the introduction and dissemination of vector-borne diseases, in part due to the presence of native arthropod vectors. Qatar's weather is expected to become warmer with the changing climatic conditions across the globe.

Review of major meat-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens.

The importance of meat-borne pathogens to global disease transmission and food safety is significant for public health. These pathogens, which can cause a variety of diseases, include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The consumption of pathogen-contaminated meat or meat products causes a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal ailments.

Gut microbiota analyses of Saudi populations for type 2 diabetes-related phenotypes reveals significant association.

Background: Large-scale gut microbiome sequencing has revealed key links between microbiome dysfunction and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). To date, these efforts have largely focused on Western populations, with few studies assessing T2D microbiota associations in Middle Eastern communities where T2D prevalence is now over 20%. We analyzed the composition of stool 16S rRNA from 461 T2D and 119 non-T2D participants from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Prevalence and microbiological and genetic characteristics of multidrug-resistant over three years in Qatar.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global priority with significant clinical and economic consequences. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) is one of the major pathogens associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In healthcare settings, the evaluation of prevalence, microbiological characteristics, as well as mechanisms of resistance is of paramount importance to overcome associated challenges.