Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding children's pain assessment and management in Nepal.

Pain is frequently experienced by children in hospital, and international guidelines for appropriate pain assessment and management are available. Optimal management of paediatric pain has important long-term health, psychosocial, and economic benefits. However, evidence indicates that globally there are deficits in nurses' understanding of paediatric pain assessment and management.

Efficacy of vaccination with La Sota strain vaccine to control Newcastle disease in village chickens in Nepal.

The efficacy of vaccination with Newcastle disease (ND) La Sota and RB (Mukteswar) modified live strain vaccines was determined by experimental challenge and with ND La Sota vaccine under field conditions in Nepal. Booster vaccination with ND La Sota vaccine after a primary vaccination with ND La Sota vaccine, induced a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 5.0 log haemagglutination inhibition (HI) units, compared to a GMT of 6.

Evaluation of chicken anaemia virus mutants as potential vaccine strains in 1-day-old chickens.

The aim of the work reported here was to study the potential of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) mutants as CAV vaccine strains. Seventy 1-day-old chickens were divided into seven groups of 10 birds, and at 1 day old birds were inoculated subcutaneously with RPMI medium, with mutants S77N, Q131P, D186G or R/K/K150/151/152G/A/A, or with wild-type CAV. At day 14 post inoculation (p.