Performance analysis of unsupervised optimal fuzzy clustering algorithm for MRI brain tumor segmentation.

Background: Segmentation of brain tumor from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) becomes very complicated due to the structural complexities of human brain and the presence of intensity inhomogeneities.

Objective: To propose a method that effectively segments brain tumor from MR images and to evaluate the performance of unsupervised optimal fuzzy clustering (UOFC) algorithm for segmentation of brain tumor from MR images.

Methods: Segmentation is done by preprocessing the MR image to standardize intensity inhomogeneities followed by feature extraction, feature fusion and clustering.

Ethnobotanical survey of plants used to treat asthma in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Tribal and non-tribal inhabitants of Andhra Pradesh used nearly 80 medicinal plants for treating asthma. The tribal people have a strong faith and belief in the traditional health care system, through herbal treatment. Plant species are generally used along with other materials and plant products in different combinations to effective cure.

Intracerebral polyposis. Case report.

A 25-year-old man presented with nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and meningitis. On investigation, he was found to have a multiloculated intracerebral cystic lesion of the right frontal lobe with a bony lesion inside the cyst, just above the right cribriform plate. Surgery revealed multiple grape-like cystic pedunculated lesions with narrow stalks attached to a bony outgrowth which was adherent to the right cribriform plate.