Influence of BMI percentile on craniofacial morphology and development in adolescents,Part II: elevated BMI is associated with larger final facial dimensions.

Background: Prevalence of adolescent obesity has markedly increased from 5.2% in 1974 to 19.7% in 2021.

Longitudinal Microbiome Changes in Supragingival Biofilm Transcriptomes Induced by Orthodontics.

Introduction: Common oral diseases are known to be associated with dysbiotic shifts in the supragingival microbiome, yet most oral microbiome associations with clinical end points emanate from cross-sectional studies. Orthodontic treatment is an elective procedure that can be exploited to prospectively examine clinically relevant longitudinal changes in the composition and function of the supragingival microbiome.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among 24 adolescent orthodontic patients who underwent saliva and plaque sampling and clinical examinations at time points: before fixed appliance bonding and at 1, 6, and 12 wk thereafter.

Patient and Caregiver Perceptions of Animal Assisted Activity in Orthodontics.

Dental anxiety affects up to 21% of children and 80% of adults and is associated with lifelong dental avoidance. Animal assisted activity (AAA) is widely used to reduce anxiety and pain in medical settings and has promise in dentistry. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate caregiver and patient perceptions of canine AAA in orthodontics.

CoRad-19 - Modular Digital Teaching during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Purpose: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, higher education worldwide had to switch to digital formats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CoRad-19, a digital teaching tool created by the German Radiological Society for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: A total of 13 German-speaking universities implemented CoRad-19 in their curriculum and partially or completely replaced their classes with the online courses.

Identifying factors that impact general dentists' referrals to orthodontists.

Introduction: Referrals from general dentists are a significant source of orthodontic patients, but our knowledge of factors guiding referral decisions predates recent marketplace trends of direct-to-consumer products and broad digitization. To provide orthodontists with current, nationwide data on referral values and communication preferences, a mixed-methods study was conducted.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with practicing general dentists (n = 23), and interviews were analyzed to identify factors important to communication and referrals.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of thio-containing compounds with serum HDL-cholesterol-elevating properties.

A novel series of substituted sulfanyldihydroimidazolones (1) that modulates high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been reported to have HDL-elevating properties in several animal models. Concerns about the chemical and metabolic stability of 1 directed us to explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a related series of substituted thiohydantoins (2). Expansion of the scope of the thiohydantoin series led to exploration of compounds in related thio-containing ring systems 3-7 and the N-cyanoguanidine derivative 8.

Design and synthesis of tricyclic derivatives as high density lipoprotein cholesterol enhancers.

A pharmacophore for increasing HDLC was proposed based on common structural features of non-thio-containing compounds with HDLC enhancing properties. A search of the compound database identified various series of these non-thio-containing compounds, including a novel tricyclic imidazoisoquinolone. Preparation of 1-aryl-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-carboxamides using a novel and widely applicable one-step process from 2-acyl benzoic acids is reported.

Effects of 2-(substituted-sulfanyl)-3,5-dihydro-imidazole-4-one and 2-(substituted-sulfanyl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dione derivatives on serum HDL-cholesterol.

A series of 2-substituted sulfanyl-3,5-dihydro-imidazole-4-ones and 2-substituted sulfanyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-diones was prepared and shown to increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol over other lipid fractions. Compound 1f showed efficacy in additional animal models. The major metabolite of 1f was isolated and its synthesis is reported.

Protection by the calcium antagonist Wy-47,037 against stress ulceration in the rat.

Wy-47,037, a novel compound with both intracellular and extracellular calcium-blocking properties, was evaluated for its effects on cold/restraint stress induced ulceration in the rat. Wy-47,037 dose-dependently inhibited ulcerogenesis; with an ED50 of 8 mg/kg, PO, it was approximately twice as potent as nitrendipine (ED50 = 15 mg/kg). Wy-47,037 also reduced basal gastric acid secretion (ED50 = 7 mg/kg) and gastrointestinal motility (ED50 = 16 mg/kg).

Wy-46,300 and Wy-46,531: vascular smooth muscle relaxant/antihypertensive agents with combined Ca2+ antagonist/myosin phosphorylation inhibitory mechanisms.

1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-(pentafluorophenyl)-1,7- naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochlorides with either a 3-phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl (Wy-46,300) or 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl (Wy-46,531) substituent at the 7 position are structurally novel vascular relaxant compounds which lower blood pressure by approximately 35 mm Hg at 25 mg/kg p.o. in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or perinephritic hypertensive beagles.

Antiarrhythmic, hemodynamic and cardiac electrophysiological evaluation of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N'-[3-(1-methylethylamino)propyl]urea (Wy-42,362).

The antiarrhythmic, hemodynamic and cardiac electrophysiological effects of (Wy-42,362, in the following briefly called Wy) N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N'-[3-(1-methylethylamino)propyl]urea were examined in several experimental preparations. Wy is an effective antiarrhythmic agent when administered i.v.

A semiautomated radioimmunoassay for mass screening of drugs of abuse.

A rapid, semiautomated radioimmunoassay system for detection of morphine, barbiturates, and amphetamines is described. The assays are applicable to large drug abuse screening programs. The heart of the system is the automatic pipetting station which can accomplish 600 pipetting operations per hour.