Secondary (Late) Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip with Displacement: From Case Studies to a Proposition for a Modified Diagnostic Path.

(1) Background. This paper presents a case of hip joints that were initially described as either normal or physiologically immature in four successive ultrasound examinations using the static method by Graf; however, the final treatment of the patient involved multiple hip reconstruction surgeries. (2) Case presentation.

Patient-reported effectiveness and safety of Pamidronate in NSAIDs-refractory chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children.

To evaluate patient-reported effectiveness, safety and social influence of Pamidronate in the therapy of NSAIDs-refractory Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in children. Authors reviewed self-created questionnaires, which asked patients for symptoms alleviation, adverse drug reactions frequency and degree of severity and daily activities self-reliance. Only surveys with complete answers, which were returned to authors by an e-mail from juvenile patients treated for NSAIDs-refractory Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis at the University Children's Hospital of Cracow were analyzed.

Problems, Complications, and Factors Predisposing to Failure of Fassier-Duval Rodding in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Double-center Study.

Background: Although Fassier-Duval (FD) rods have been used for almost 2 decades, knowledge of factors predisposing to their failure is limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to: (1) present the most common complications of FD rodding, (2) present tips on how to avoid or overcome them, and (3) identify factors predisposing to treatment failure.

Methods: Fifty-eight rod segments in 19 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (mainly type III) underwent analysis with a median follow-up (FU) time of 4.

Temporomandibular Joint and Cervical Spine Mobility Assessment in the Prevention of Temporomandibular Disorders in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Pilot Study.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders of connective tissue diseases characterized by increased bone fragility, low growth, sometimes accompanied by abnormalities within the dentine, blue sclera, and partial or total hearing impairment. The changes may affect all joints, including the cervical spine and temporomandibular joints in the future, resulting in pain. The aim of the present study was to assess whether there is a relationship between the active range of motion of the cervical spine and the mobility of temporomandibular joints due to differential diagnosis in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, and to present a prevention algorithm for temporomandibular disorders.

Limitations in Use of Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN) in Children with Disorders of Bone Mineralization.

Background: Elastic intramedullary nails (ESIN) have been the treatment of choice in many long bone fractures in children for more than 20 years. The introduction of ESIN has drastically reduced tissue traumatization during fracture fixation procedures and decreased the risk of growth cartilage damage, as well as allowing for preservation of the natural biology of closed fracture healing. The objective of the present report is to draw attention to a small group of patients with bone mineralization disorders, who consequently demonstrate decreased mechanical resistance of the skeletal system, in whom indications for using ESIN fixation are limited.

Treatment of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis with bisphosphonates in children.

Objectives: Assessment of bisphosphonates efficiency in the therapy of NSAIDs-refractory Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of records of patients treated for Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis between 2012 and 2018.

Results: Between 2012 and 2018, 76 children and adolescents were diagnosed with Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in our department.

Physeal fractures of the lower leg in children and adolescents: Therapeutic results, pitfalls and suggested management protocol - based on the experience of the authors and contemporary literature.

Purpose: Physeal fractures in children frequently give rise to concerns about the condition of the growth plate. Our observations have proven that the dysfunction of the growth plate is less frequent complication in those cases than misdiagnosed interposition of the periosteum. The aim of this paper is to familiarize the readers with the issue of treatment of physeal fractures of the distal tibia and fibula in the growing skeleton.

Evaluation of stomatognathic problems in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (osteogenesis imperfecta - oi) - preliminary study.

Unlabelled: According to epidemiological data, muscular dysfunctions of the masticatory system occur in 15-23% of the population. Preventive examinations of functional disorders of the stomatognathic system are, therefore, of particular importance. A distinct group of patients exposed to dysfunctions in the area of the masticatory organ locomotor apparatus comprises those with genetic diseases characterised by disorders in collagen formation.

Pelvic fracture of the sacroiliac joint region in a child - a case study and literature review.

The aim of the paper is to present the case of a 3-year-old boy with an unaligned fracture of the sacroiliac joint region to propose a minimally invasive method of fracture fixation without using metal implants and to review the literature addressing this injury, which is uncommon in children. The patient was hit by a car; he suffered a fracture of the iliac ala with a complete traumatic damage to the L4-L5 nerve roots. The fracture was fixated by osteosuture and normal bone fusion was achieved.

Advantages and Complications Following Fassier-Duval Intramedullary Rodding in Children. Pilot Study.

Background: The report presents the authors' experience with Fassier-Duval rods in children and an analysis of advantages and complications.

Material And Methods: Over a period of 15 months, the authors operated on 10 children and 18 rod implantation procedures were performed. In five cases, the implantation was a primary procedure, while in the remaining 13 cases Fassier-Duval rods were used to replace short Rush rods.

Severe Thoraco-lumbar Kyphoscoliosis Associated with Osteoporosis in Siblings - Case study.

The incidence of scoliosis among patients with certain systemic diseases is much higher than in the general population. Moreover, the onset of the scoliosis is in early childhood before the age of 5 and the deformity reaches extreme values. We present the clinical course of two siblings with multiple musculoskeletal deformities, osteoporosis, severe kyphoscolisis and an undiagnosed systemic disease.

Capitellar fractures in children.

Background: Capitellar fractures are extremely rare. The Polish literature does not provide any reports on the treatment of these fractures. The aim of this paper is to present our treatment results and to compare them with reports from other authors.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) in children - single-centre clinical observations and experience.

Background: CRMO is characterized by chronic bone pain of recurrent nature. The onset is usually at the beginning of the second decade of life. Bony lesions may be visible on radiographs, although sometimes a CT or MRI scan is necessary to visualise them.

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica - diagnostics and treatment in pediatric patients.

Background: Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, also known as Trevor-Fairbanks disease, is a rare developmental disorder The objective of this article is to present own observations and experience in treating patients with dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica.

Material And Methods: Six children with dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica were treated in years 1990-2007. The mean age of observation was 8.

Fibular hemimelia - diagnostic management, principles, and results of treatment.

The objective of this study is to present treatment of fibular hemimelia along with the complications, results, and an algorithm for treatment indications on the basis of authors' experience. A group of 31 patients was studied. In patients fulfilling the criteria for amputation, Syme's amputation should be performed.

Stress fractures in children.

Background: Presentation of own experiences, observations and results of treatment of patients with stress fractures treated in the Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics. The authors present an algorithm of diagnosing and treatment of stress fractures.

Material And Methods: Over the period 1998 - 2010, 38 patients were hospitalised (40 fractures) with the final diagnosis of stress fracture.

Diagnostic difficulties: chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and lymphoma. One or two diseases?

This paper presents a case report of a 15-year-old boy admitted to the hospital for persistent right knee pain and limping. The clinical appearance of his condition was the basis on which diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis was made. Continuous deterioration in the clinical status also led to a suspicion of the presence of other pathological processes.

[Ischial tuberosity fractures in children].

Background: Ischial tuberosity fractures in children are a form of avulsion fractures caused by the strong thigh muscles of the back group (ischiotibial muscles).

Objective: Presentation of observations covering the diagnostic difficulties, treatment and follow-up of ischial tuberosity fractures in children.

Material And Methods: 6 children (one girl and five boys), average age at the time of injury - 13.

[Acute, haematogenous arthritis of the hip in children--treatment and long follow-up assessment].

Background: This is a retrospective study of 15 cases of acute septic arthritis of the hip in older children treated from 1995 to 2007.

Materials And Methods: All treated children were over 2 years old. The average follow-up period was 7 years (2-16 years).

[Intervertebral disc calcification in children].

The Aim: Evaluation of children with intervertebral disc calcification (IDC) and own experience.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 7 patients (2 girls and 5 boys) with detected, in the years 1990-2009, IDC. Age at the onset of symptoms (neck pain in 6 patients, torticollis in 4, hip pain in one) was on average 8.

[Iliac spine fractures in children].

Introduction: Iliac spine fractures in children are a form of avulsion fractures at mechanically weak spot caused by the presence of the growth plate.

Objective: Presentation of observations concerning treatment and results of iliac spine fractures in children.

Material And Methods: 49 children (1 girl and 48 boys).

Expansion of Carraro syndrome or a new disorder?

A 6-year-old girl is described with a unique, rare type of tibial hemimelia known as Carraro syndrome (OIMI 275230). There are only two previous reports of this condition in the literature. In our patient, the tibia anomaly was associated with other skeletal abnormalities, hemivertebra and tetralogy of Fallot.

Severe neonatal spondylometaphyseal dysplasia in two siblings.

We report on two siblings with a severe neonatal form of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD). Similar cases have been reported in four publications. Analysis of pedigree data from the original and present families suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, although parental gonadal mosaicism is also possible.

[Nonspecific sacroiliac joint arthritis in children].

The authors present their experiences in diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac joint arthritis in 7 children, that were admitted to Orthopaedic Ward of University Children's Hospital in Cracow, Poland in years 2000-2004. The mean age at the time of admission was 11,6 years (6-17). Main complaints given by patients were as follows: affected side buttock pain (3 patients), sacroiliac pain (2 patients) and hip pain (2 patients).