The Anatomical Relationships of the Ocular Motor Nerves with an Emphasis on Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit.

The surgical procedures directed to the orbit are invariably reported to be one of the most challenging procedures of the neurosurgery and it is very important to take measures to protect the ocular nerves. Many researchers have tried to identify safe approaches or safe regions in the orbit but the suggestions and results vary among published studies. The ocular motor nerves are under risk of injury during various approaches to the orbit.

Turkish students' perceptions of professionalism at the beginning and at the end of medical education: a cross-sectional qualitative study.

Aim: Medical students' perceptions of professionalism might reflect the impact of the current educational processes on their professional identity development. This study focuses on Ankara University Faculty of Medicine students' perceptions of 'good doctor' along with the factors effective on the formation of these perceptions.

Method: Six focus groups with 59 medical students from Grade-1 and Grade-6 were held.

Arterial vascularization of the pineal gland.

Purpose: The arterial vascularization of the pineal gland (PG) remains a debatable subject. This study aims to provide detailed information about the arterial vascularization of the PG.

Methods: Thirty adult human brains were obtained from routine autopsies.

The neurovascular relationships of the oculomotor nerve.

In this study, the arterial supply of the cisternal (initial) and the subcavernous parts of the oculomotor nerve (ON) and the relation between the nerve and adjacent vascular structures like posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and superior cerebellar artery (SCA) were investigated. A total of 140 formalin fixed hemispheres from 70 human cadaveric brains were examined. The nutrient branches reaching the cisternal and subcavernous parts of the ON were investigated, along with branches of adjacent vascular structures penetrating the nerve and passing through it.