Hydroxyzine Dihydrochloride Premedication Is a Necessity for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: An Observational Prospective Clinical Trial.

Objective: In this single-blind, observational prospective clinical trial, we aimed to determine and compare the effects of premedication with hydroxyzine plus midazolam and midazolam alone on the incidence of oculocardiac reflex (OCR).

Methods: Forty-five patients were divided into three groups. Group M received 0.

Role of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Cyclic Esotropia: A Long-Term Follow-up.

Purpose: To describe two patients with childhood cyclic esotropia 8 and 9 years after they underwent botulinum toxin type A treatment to report its long-term outcome.

Methods: Two patients with sudden onset cyclic esotropia aged 2 and 4 years were included. Botulinum toxin type A injections were performed on the appropriate muscles.

Long term motor and sensory outcome after surgery for infantile esotropia and risk factors for residual and consecutive deviations.

: To present long-term motor and sensory outcomes after surgery for infantile esotropia and assess risk factors for residual and consecutive deviations.: Data of infantile esotropia patients operated between 2002 and 2016 with minimum follow-up of 2 years were retrospectively reviewed.: Among a total of 62 patients, 35 had a successful motor outcome (alignment within 10 PD from orthotropia) after one surgery (Group A), while 27 required horizontal reoperation (Group B).

External Dacryocystorhinostomy for the Treatment of Functional Nasolacrimal Drainage Obstruction.

Objectives: To determine the outcome and long-term efficacy of external dacryocystorhinostomy (ext-DCR) with or without bicanalicular silicon intubation in patients with functional nasolacrimal drainage obstruction (FNLDO).

Materials And Methods: Patients with epiphora and patent lacrimal systems on nasolacrimal irrigation were prospectively enrolled in the study. Each patient was assessed with lacrimal scintigraphy to differentiate drainage abnormalities as presac (proximal) or postsac (distal) delays.

Macular Thickness in Highly Myopic Children Aged 3 to 7 Years.

Purpose: To compare the macular thickness and volume of highly myopic children with healthy controls, using third generation optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: OCT was performed on highly myopic (cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction > -6.00 diopters [D]) children aged 3 to 7 years old and healthy controls (spherical equivalent refraction -2.

Myopia, visual acuity and strabismus in the long term following treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the long-term ophthalmological outcome in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who were treated for threshold disease with indirect laser photocoagulation. 107 eyes of 56 patients with threshold ROP treated with indirect laser photocoagulation and 202 eyes of 101 control patients with spontaneously regressed ROP were included. Fixation pattern, ocular motility findings, visual acuity, anterior segment examination, cycloplegic refraction and indirect ophthalmoscopic dilated fundus examination findings of all the included subjects were recorded.

Painful Ophthalmoplegia Following Dental Procedure.

This case report is about a 26-year-old patient complaining of painful diplopia shortly after a dental procedure. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass lesion in the cavernous sinus that responded well to oral corticosteroids. The possible side effect of the intraoral local anaesthetic injection used during the dental procedure was questioned.

Simple alternative to the Wright needle in frontalis sling surgery.

The Wright needle is a widely used instrument for insertion of fascia lata or a synthetic material during frontalis suspension surgery; however, difficulties in handling this instrument are frequently encountered by many surgeons. We describe an 18-gauge needle with a 4/0 monofilament polypropylene suture as an alternative to the Wright needle for placement of the sling material in frontalis suspension surgery. Less slippage and easier control of the needle's direction and depth of tissue penetration result in more accurate placement of the material and a reduction in damage to the surrounding tissues.

Isoametropic amblyopia in highly hyperopic children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visual outcome and associated findings in isoametropic amblyopia due to high hyperopia.

Methods: Children with > or = 5 D spherical equivalent hyperopia and < or = 1.5 D anisometropia and < or = 1.

Implant infection in porous orbital implants.

Purpose: To analyze implant infection in patients with porous orbital implants.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 212 patients with one of five types of porous orbital implants (bone-derived hydroxyapatite [HA], coralline HA, synthetic HA, porous polyethylene, and aluminium oxide) was conducted. Reasons for surgery, type of surgery, type of implant, peg system used, time of pegging, problems before and after pegging, treatment, and follow-up duration were recorded for all patients, along with additional data including time of onset of infection, microorganism cultured, antibiotics used, patient response to antibiotic therapy, additional interventions, and final status for patients with infection.

Myopia in preterm children at 12 to 24 months of age.

Purpose: To examine biometric factors that may influence the high incidence of myopia in pre-term children at 12 to 24 months of age.

Patients And Methods: Fifty eyes of 25 patients with myopia and 70 eyes of 35 patients with emmetropia at 12 to 24 months of age were selected from a group of preterm children who had been screened for retinopathy of prematurity and returned for follow-up examinations. Forty eyes of 20 full-term children of the same age were also included in the study as a control group.